固体火箭发动机燃烧室中的颗粒轨迹

用气相与颗粒场耦合的轨迹模型法计算了固体火箭发动机燃烧室两相流中的颗粒运动轨迹。结果表明： 颗粒轨迹受颗粒尺寸大小、颗粒初始速度的大小和方向以及气相运动特性等影响。燃烧室中的两相流动是一种非常滞后的非平衡流动。颗粒尺寸越大, 惯性越大, 随流性越差。尺寸相差较大的颗粒可能有完全不同的轨迹。在一定条件下,颗粒会穿过通道的中心线,甚至打到对面壁上并反弹。颗粒会受气相旋涡的影响, 甚至有可能卷入旋涡     

流体微团作用与流动结构变化试验分析

为了分析湍流流动中流体微团所受作用与流动结构变化之间的关系,在槽道湍流边界层中通过粒子图像测速(PIV)技术,拍摄流向-展向平面流场,采用本征正交分解方法提取湍流流动中不同尺度的含能结构。采用矢量象限组合分析方法,将流场中流体微团所受作用分为肿胀作用、弯曲作用和旋转作用。结果表明:流动结构变化机理与这3种作用相关;肿胀型条带间流体微团受到的主要作用是弯曲作用,在弯曲作用下直条带会弯曲,弯曲条带在肿胀作用下汇聚成肿胀型条带;随着流动结构尺度减小,旋转作用逐渐增大。     

基于模糊信息粒化和优化支持向量机的氧化铝陶瓷超声磨削力趋势预测

为实现超声磨削氧化铝陶瓷中磨削力变化趋势的预测,提出了一种基于模糊信息粒化和支持向量机相结合的方法。首先进行氧化铝陶瓷超声磨削试验,然后利用模糊信息粒化方法对试验获得的磨削力进行粒化处理,并将人工免疫系统算法和粒子群算法进行并联混编构成人工免疫系统粒子群算法(AISPSO),接着建立非线性回归支持向量机预测模型并对模糊粒子进行预测,并通过AISPSO算法优化支持向量机预测模型,最后获得超声磨削氧化铝陶瓷中磨削力的变化趋势和变化范围。结果表明:该方法可以有效实现超声磨削中磨削力的变化趋势及变化范围预测,且预测未来5组数据变化范围的误差在10%以内,这为通过磨削力变化调整工艺参数以获得更好的加工表面提供了新的思路。     

Variation of energetic particle precipitation with local magnetic time

The detailed study of the precipitation of magnetospheric particles into the atmosphere is complicated by the rather complex spatial configuration of the precipitation region and its variability with geomagnetic activity. In this paper we will introduce polar oval coordinates and apply them to POES observations of 30 keV to 2.5 MeV electrons and comparable protons to illustrate the dependence of particle precipitation on local time and geomagnetic activity. These coordinates also allow an easy separation of the spatial precipitation patterns of solar and magnetospheric particles. The results indicate that (a) the spatial precipitation pattern of energetic magnetospheric electrons basically follows the pattern of the field parallel Birkeland currents up to MeV energies and (b) at least in the mesosphere the influence of magnetospheric electrons is comparable to the one of solar electrons. Implications for modeling of atmospheric chemistry will be sketched.     

Interplanetary Physics Research in China： 2006-2008

This brief report summarized the latest advances of the interplanetary physics research in China during the period of 2006-2007,made independently by Chinese space physicists and through international collaboration.The report covers all aspects of the interplanetary physics,including theoretical studies,numerical simulation and data analysis.     

Relativistic solar protons in the ground level event of 23 February 1956: New study

In this study we applied again to the outstanding solar particle event of 23 February 1956, the largest one in the entire history of observations of solar cosmic rays. Due to significant improvement of the analysis/modeling techniques and new understanding of physical processes in the solar atmosphere and interplanetary space, a possibility arises to interpret the old data in the light of modern concept of multiple particle acceleration at/near the Sun. In our new analysis the data of available then neutron monitors and muon telescopes are used. The technique of the analysis includes: (a) calculation of asymptotic cones of ground-based detectors; (b) modeling of cosmic ray detector responses at variable parameters of the flux of solar relativistic protons; (c) determination of primary solar proton parameters outside magnetosphere by comparison of computed responses with observations. Certain evidence was obtained that the flux of relativistic solar protons consisted of two distinct components: prompt and delayed ones. The prompt component with exponential energy spectrum caused a giant impulse-like increase at a number of European cosmic ray stations. The delayed component had a power-law spectrum and was a cause of gradual increase at cosmic ray stations in the North American region. A numerical simulation of the proton acceleration in the vicinity of the magnetic reconnection region brings to the proton spectrum with exponential dependence on energy. This agrees with observational data for the prompt component. It is also shown that the huge increase in ∼5000% on neutron monitors was due to the prompt component only with the exponential proton spectrum. The power-law spectrum of comparable intensity gave considerably smaller effect.     

基于感应传感的位置增量编码器设计

为解决传统编码器的易损坏、可靠性不高、更换价格昂贵的问题,提出采用非接触式、电感感应传感设计位置编码器的方案。用LDC1312数字电感传感器作为感应探头,检测涂有金属物的旋转圆盘,将其感应测量到的数据通过IIC接口送入MSP430F5529处理数据,实现对旋转圆盘位置的检测。该设计与机械编码器相比,具有寿命长、可靠性高,适用于在油渍、潮湿、灰尘等恶劣环境工作的优点。     

基于粒子群算法的导弹PID控制参数选择

PID控制在导弹控制系统的设计中得到了较多的应用,但PID控制器的性能依赖于其参数的整定和优化。利用粒子群算法对控制器的参数进行优化,并对俯仰通道控制系统进行了仿真研究,结果表明,攻角和俯仰角速度都取得了较好的效果,当气动参数具有不确定性时,效果依然较好,验证了方法的有效性。     

聚集状态下燃烧室凝相粒子粒度特性实验

设计了具有收敛段的粒子发生装置,采用密闭收集水罐,针对HTPB推进剂开展实验,有效完整地收集到了聚集状态下的凝相粒子。采用扫描电镜和粒度分析仪对收集的粒子进行了分析。结果表明,聚集状态下颗粒间碰撞聚合非常严重,大颗粒一般由多个颗粒聚合而成。碰撞聚合条件下凝相粒子的粒度分布范围比较宽,颗粒分布峰值粒度在9～13μm之间,比非聚集状态下的主峰粒度大很多。研究结果可为两相流数值计算、发动机工作过程分析提供基础数据。     

不连续增强镁基复合材料的制备与应用

综述了不连续增强镁基复合材料的制备工艺及特点，介绍了其应用情况，展望了其发展前景。