Comparison between observed ionospheric foF2 and IRI-2001 predictions over periods of severe geomagnetic activities at Grahamstown,South Africa

The observed ionospheric F2 critical frequency (foF2) values over a South Africa mid-latitude station, Grahamstown, (geographic coordinates: 33.3°S, 26.5°E), were analysed and compared with International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) model, using the CCIR (Comite´ Consultatif International des Radio communications) and URSI (Union Radio-Scientifique Internationale) coefficients, during four geomagnetically disturbed days in the year 2000. These days are April 5, May 23, August 10 and September 15. The data were analysed for five days around the storm day. Comparisons between the IRI-2001 predicted foF2 values, using both CCIR and URSI coefficients and the observed values are shown with their root-mean-square error (RMSE) and the relative deviation module mean (rdmm) for the various storm periods. The CCIR option performed more accurately than the URSI option.     

Cluster observations showing the indication of the formation of a modified-two-stream instability in the geomagnetic tail

This study presents several observations of the Cluster spacecraft on September 24, 2003 around 15:10 UT, which show necessary prerequisites and consequences for the formation of the so-called modified-two-stream instability (MTSI). Theoretical studies suggest that the plasma is MTSI unstable if (1) a relative drift of electrons and ions is present, which exceeds the Alfvèn speed, and (2) this relative drift or current is in the cross-field direction. As consequences of the formation of a MTSI one expects to observe (1) a field-aligned electron beam, (2) heating of the plasma, and (3) an enhancement in the B-wave spectrum at frequencies in the range of the lower-hybrid-frequency (LHF). In this study we use prime parameter data of the CIS and PEACE instruments onboard the Cluster spacecraft to verify the drift velocities of ions and electrons, FGM data to calculate the expected LHF and Alfvèn velocity, and the direction of the current. The B-wave spectrum is recorded by the STAFF instrument of Cluster. Finally, a field aligned beam of electrons is observed by 3D measurements of the IES instrument of the RAPID unit. Observations are verified using a theoretical model showing the build-up of a MTSI under the given circumstances.     

The Crab pulsar seen with AquEYE at Asiago Cima Ekar observatory

We are developing fast photon-counter instruments to study the rapid variability of astrophysical sources by time tagging photon arrival times with unprecedented accuracy, making use of a Rubidium clock and GPS receiver. The first realization of such optical photon-counters, dubbed AquEYE (the Asiago Quantum Eye), was mounted in 2008 at the 182 cm Copernicus Observatory in Asiago. AquEYE observed the Crab pulsar several times and collected data of extraordinary quality that allowed us to perform accurate optical timing of the Crab pulsar and to study the pulse shape stability on a timescale from days to years with an excellent definition. Our results reinforce the evidence for decadal stability of the inclination angle between the spin and magnetic axis of the Crab pulsar. Future realizations of our instrument will make use of the Galileo Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) time signal.     

三维攻击角度约束部分制导控制一体化设计

针对侧滑转弯(STT)导弹带有攻击角度约束的机动目标拦截问题,提出一种基于自适应终端滑模动态面控制的三维部分制导控制一体化(PIGC)设计方法。首先,建立了针对机动目标拦截的侧滑转弯导弹三维部分制导控制一体化设计模型,且不需要导弹速度微分体轴系分量信息。然后,使用终端滑模控制理论构建误差向量与虚拟控制量,达成精确拦截与攻击角度约束的控制目的;引入有限时间非线性收敛扩张状态观测器(ESO)来在线估计系统不确定性;设计自适应算子与自适应更新律对观测器的估计误差进行补偿,以提高方法的鲁棒性。最后,三维空间拦截仿真校验了方法在提高拦截精度与增强角度约束收敛性能的有效性。     

失效航天器姿态接管的SDRE微分博弈控制

针对燃料耗尽的失效航天器姿态接管控制问题,提出多颗微卫星协同实现姿态稳定的状态相关黎卡提方程(SDRE)微分博弈控制方法。首先,将姿态接管问题转化为多颗微卫星的微分博弈问题,基于组合航天器的姿态模型和微卫星的性能指标函数建立多颗微卫星的非线性微分博弈模型,微卫星通过独立优化各自的性能指标函数得到控制策略。其次,引入状态相关系数矩阵,将非线性博弈转化为状态相关线性二次型博弈,采用SDRE方法更方便地逼近微卫星的博弈均衡策略。最终通过李雅普诺夫迭代法求解耦合状态相关黎卡提方程组得到微卫星的状态反馈控制器,实现微卫星的自主决策。数值仿真验证了多颗微卫星采用微分博弈控制方法实现姿态接管的有效性和容错性。     

低轨天基信息定向分发区域分割编码控制方法

为提高低轨指向性信息分发链路的频谱利用效率,从天基分发平台与地面用户的相对位置关系入手,建立了分发指向、编码增益与信道传输容量的量化关系。在此基础上,提出一种低轨天基信息定向分发区域分割编码控制方法,该方法针对不同信息分发区域,采用最小均方误差(MMSE)作为区域分割准则选择编码方式,既提升了信道传输效率也便于工程实现。最后,本文通过仿真分析了方法的效能和性能影响因素,并与现有自适应编码方法进行了对比,验证了本方法的有效性和可靠性。     

海洋定位卫星性能分析

编队卫星是重要的空间设施,为保证编队卫星在空间复杂环境中的工作效率,需对编队卫星的工作原理、状态进行分析。以三星编队的海洋定位卫星为例,由于该编队卫星工作状态常受到星间基线、目标源位置、卫星高度等多种因素的制约,易造成定位模糊等问题。在评价海洋定位卫星性能方面,传统的方法主要着眼于定位精度,而忽略了定位迭代解算时间这一指标,而在特定的场景下(海上搜救、抢险救灾),较短的解算时间可以迅速找出目标源的概略位置。通过分析海洋定位卫星的时差测量定位原理,对定位误差精度进行了分析,提出水平精度因子(HDOP)和最小二乘迭代结合的评价方法,分析了影响卫星性能的因素,包括目标源相对几何位置、卫星高度及卫星几何构型等方面的影响。仿真结果表明:本文的设计可以提高卫星的定位效果,为定位卫星的参数设定提供参考。     

国内外行星表面巡视器自主导航技术研究

作为航天技术发展的前沿和趋势,深空探测是人类历史上最为复杂的系统工程之一.星球巡视器是在星球表面移动作业的无人探测系统,能够对星球表面进行大面积、近距离和接触式的考察,是地外星球着陆探测作业的主要手段.星球巡视器导航技术是研究星球巡视器的关键技术之一,其导航自主性能直接影响星球探测计划能否顺利进行.本文首先概述了星球巡...     

倾转四旋翼飞行器垂直飞行状态气动特性

综合采用基于滑移网格技术的计算流体力学(CFD)方法与悬停状态气动干扰试验方法,对倾转四旋翼(QTR)飞行器垂直飞行状态的流场进行模拟与试验,研究飞行器垂直飞行状态气动特性以及部分参数对气动特性的影响.结果表明:倾转四旋翼飞行器在垂直飞行状态,前后旋翼之间干扰不明显,但旋翼与机翼的干扰明显;旋翼旋向对旋翼与机翼的干扰不...