喷管流场V3V试验示踪粒子特性研究

采用体3维测试系统(V3V)试验研究了拉伐尔喷管出口的速度场。为了选择适合V3V试验测量气流流场的示踪粒子,对3种不同物理属性的固体微粒进行测试分析,结果表明:二氧化钛粒径为5～10μm,对于激光散射性太差,粒子亮度较弱,在V3V处理软件识别时粒子匹配不成功;滑石粉和聚苯乙烯的粒径分别为20～25μm和30～35μm,在V3V软件处理4副图片时的粒子匹配率分别为30%和40%,试验得到的速度场与理论计算值误差分别约为2%和5%。     

基于不同模型的固体火箭发动机喷射物熔渣特性分析

固体火箭发动机喷射物中的熔渣是航天器防护和空间碎片风险评估关注的对象之一。文章首先介绍国外熔渣建模试验数据及理论模型,主要有NASA熔渣模型、MASTER2005熔渣子模型（以下简称MASTER模型）和麻省理工大学林肯实验室的MIT/LL熔渣模型;再利用NASA和MASTER模型分析熔渣尺寸-数量和质量特性。MASTER模型给出的熔渣数量和质量均低于NASA模型;且MASTER模型认为约91.8%的熔渣尺寸处于25～200 mm区间;尺寸大于250 mm的熔渣质量占熔渣总质量的88%,但其数量只占熔渣总数量的6.3%。以上研究结果为进一步分析熔渣对空间碎片环境的影响奠定了基础,对我国自主开展熔渣模型研究也有一定的参考价值。     

固体火箭发动机中声场对凝聚相粒子的影响

为研究固体火箭发动机中声场对凝聚相粒子的影响,将连续相-离散元(CFD-DEM)耦合模型应用于固体火箭发动机中多物理场作用下的粒子行为研究,获得了发动机声场与凝聚相粒子的耦合作用规律.结果表明:CFD-DEM模型可以获得其他模型无法得到的颗粒微观信息,包括颗粒与颗粒间的碰撞、颗粒与壁面的碰撞以及颗粒与气相间的相互作用等...     

Spectra of the two official GLEs of solar cycle 24

Based on ground-level data and on satellite data we determine in this work the observational spectrum of both, the Ground Level Enhancement of May 17, (2012) the so-called GLE71 and the Ground Level Enhancement of September 10, 2017 (GLE 72). We describe a simplified method to obtain the experimental spectrum at ground level. Data of the GLE71 and GLE72 indicate the presence of two different populations, each one with a different energy spectrum. On the other hand, we explore the kind of phenomena that take place at the source in these two particular events. In contrast with other methods based on the temporal synchronization between electromagnetic emissions of flares and coronal mass ejections (CME), here we develop an alternative option based on the study of the accelerated particles, by adjusting our theoretical spectra to the observational spectra. The main results of this work are the derivation of the source and acceleration parameters involved in the generation process. These results lead us to construct possible scenarios of particle generation in the source for each one of the two studied GLEs.     

低轨航天器运行环境质子通量预测模型对比研究

辐射带粒子环境是导致航天器故障和异常的重要因素。为此,需要对辐射带粒子环境及其通量分布进行研究。文章主要研究低地球轨道（LEO）环境辐射带质子分布情况。分析了目前用来计算质子通量的几种常用模型的优缺点;利用各模型计算了不同轨道的质子通量,对计算结果进行了比较;总结了进行不同高度、不同能量范围的质子通量计算时,选择不同模型的依据原则。     

固态颗粒空间环境下升华过程数值分析

在轨液体的排放将产生毫米级固态颗粒空间碎片,由于其升华耗散过程具有不确定性,若长期留轨将产生危害。文章以水为例,通过数值模拟对冰粒在轨升华过程进行分析。结果表明,冰粒的太阳吸收比是影响其升华的重要因素,采取措施提高颗粒的太阳吸收比和减少单个颗粒的平均质量都可有效加快颗粒的升华耗散。     

模拟过载条件下燃烧室凝相颗粒形态参数试验研究

通过地面模拟过载粒子收集试验装置,完成了推进剂在3种不同压强工况下的粒子收集试验,初步获得了粒度分布特性、微观形貌特性及成分分布等形态参数。研究结果表明,粒子中径分布明显高于非过载状态,5.6~11.5 MPa范围内,d(0.5)主要分布在120~190μm之间。同时,针对某飞行试验发动机残骸故障处残留凝相粒子进行了收集与分析,并与地面同种压强状态下粒子形态参数进行了对比,两者分布较为一致,均呈双峰分布,粒子d(0.5)约为100~130μm。     

Modeling the solar cosmic ray event of 13 December 2006 using ground level neutron monitor data

In order to understand the physics under extreme solar conditions such as those producing ground level enhancements of solar cosmic rays, it is important to use accurate and reliable models. The NM-BANGLE Model is a new cosmic ray model which couples primary solar cosmic rays at the top of the Earth’s atmosphere with the secondary ones detected at ground level by neutron monitors during GLEs. This model calculates the evolution of several GLE parameters such as the solar cosmic ray spectrum, anisotropy and particle flux distribution, revealing crucial information on the energetic particle propagation and distribution. The total output of the NM-BANGLE Model is a multi-dimensional GLE picture that gives an important contribution to revealing the characteristics of solar energetic particle events recorded at ground level. In this work, the results of the NM-BANGLE Model application to the recent GLE of 13 December 2006 are presented and discussed. Moreover, a comparison with the extreme event of 20 January 2005 (GLE69) has been realized.     

Ion production and ionization effect in the atmosphere during the Bastille day GLE 59 due to high energy SEPs

The influence of high energy particles, specifically cosmic rays, on atmospheric physics and chemistry is highly discussed. In most of the proposed models the role of ionization in the atmosphere due to cosmic rays is not negligible. Moreover, effect(s) on minor constituents and aerosols are recently observed, specifically over the polar regions during strong solar particle events. According to the recent findings for such effects it is necessary an essential increase of ion production, specifically during the winter period. The galactic cosmic rays are the main source of ionization in the Earth’s stratosphere and troposphere. Occasionally, the atmospheric ionization is significantly enhanced during strong solar energetic particles events, specifically over the polar caps. During the solar cycle 23 several strong ground level enhancements were observed. One of the strongest was the Bastille day event occurred on 14 July 2000. Using a full Monte Carlo 3-D model, we compute the atmospheric ionization, considering explicitly the contribution of cosmic rays with galactic and solar origin, focusing on high energy particles. The model is based on atmospheric cascade simulation with the PLANETOCOSMICS code. The ion production rate is computed as a function of the altitude above the sea level. The ion production rate is computed on a step ranging from 10 to 30?min throughout the event, considering explicitly the spectral and angular characteristics of the high energy part of solar protons as well as their time evolution. The corresponding event averaged ionization effect relative to the average due to galactic cosmic rays is computed in lower stratosphere and upper troposphere at various altitudes, namely 20?km, 15?km, 12?km and 8?km above the sea level in a sub-polar and polar regions. The 24^h and the weekly ionization effects are also computed in the troposphere and low stratosphere. Several applications are discussed.     

双补燃室固冲凝聚相颗粒分布对比试验研究

针对固冲发动机燃烧效率较低以及凝相粒子分布规律不清楚的现状,本文建立了一套评价固冲发动机燃烧效率的双补燃室试验装置和研究凝相颗粒分布的取样装置。对比研究了结构相同的补燃室内的参数,其误差小于0.5%,说明该装置可以用于精确对比不同补燃室的燃烧效率。然后应用该装置完成了补燃室长度分别为600mm、800mm、1000mm,进气角度分别为30°、45°、60°的对比试验,分析了粒子的粒度分布规律和化学成分变化规律,该规律与数值分析的规律相同。试验结果表明：在进气角度不变情况下,补燃室长度增加有利于提高燃烧效率,燃烧室压强提高,凝相粒子直径明显减小,B粒子燃烧更充分;在补燃室长度为1000mm的情况下,进气角度增加有利于燃烧效率增加,燃烧室压强提高,粒子直径减小,B粒子燃烧更充分。双补燃室发动机是评价补燃室燃烧效率的有效装置,粒度分布和燃烧产物的化学成分有助于补燃室结构设计。