阻尼颗粒动态特性研究

在垂直简谐激励条件下,测量颗粒体对基础产生的冲击力,得到冲击力受约化加速度控制会经历一系列倍周期分岔的规律,并给出分岔周期冲击力的谐波分量表达式;通过稳态功率输入法得到阻尼颗粒产生的损耗功率和附加质量与激励的关系。试验结果表明,对于给定频率,损耗功率随激励幅值的增加单调递增;对于给定速度幅值,损耗功率随激励频率的增加呈现为：低频段迅速增大,而后递增速率减缓的过程。由颗粒体产生的附加质量存在明显的转捩点现象,转捩点之后,附加质量随激励幅值的增加而变小。     

一种高散射率PIV实验用示踪粒子的制备

采用化学镀银的方法在空心玻璃微珠表面包覆一层金属银,使其表面具有足够高的光散射效率和合适的密度,作为示踪粒子用在PIV（Particle Image Velocime时）实验中。文中研究了相关化学镀银工艺参数对所制各示踪粒子密度的影响,并对所制各的示踪粒子进行了流场测试评价,结果表明：采用在空心玻璃微珠表面镀银的方法,可以获得性能优异的PIV实验用示踪粒子。     

三维试验粒子轨道法在磁层粒子全球输运中的应用

根据磁层粒子动力学理论, 通过偶极磁场模型验证利用三维试验粒子轨道方法模拟近地球区(r < 8R_e)带电粒子运动特征的可靠性. 在此基础上, 以太阳风和磁层相互作用的全球MHD模拟结果为背景, 利用三维试验粒子轨道方法, 对非磁暴期间南向行星际磁场背景下太阳风离子注入磁层的情形进行数值模拟, 并对北向行星际磁场背景下太阳风离子注入极尖区以及内磁层的几种不同情形进行了单粒子模拟. 模拟结果反映了南向和北向行星际磁场离子向磁层的几种典型输入过程, 揭示出行星际磁场南向时太阳风粒子在磁层内密度分布的晨昏不对称性以及其在磁鞘和磁层内的大致分布, 并得出统计规律. 模拟结果与理论预测和观测结论相一致, 且通过数值模拟发现, 行星际磁场北向时靠近极尖区附近形成的非典型磁镜结构对于能量粒子经由极尖区注入环电流区域过程有重要的影响和作用.      

金属橡胶颗粒静态特性试验

针对目前航空航天领域板壳结构较多,其模态成分密集、振动复杂等问题,提出了一种可用于各种复杂结构振动抑制的新型金属橡胶构件——金属橡胶颗粒.为了解及掌握这种新型金属橡胶构件的性能和设计规律,开展了有关金属橡胶颗粒的静态性能试验研究.通过试验测量了金属橡胶颗粒的静态迟滞回线,获得了金属橡胶颗粒的刚度和阻尼的范围.通过对比不同参数下的刚度和阻尼的试验结果,总结材料参数(丝材、螺旋卷和相对密度)和工艺参数(变形量和安装密度)等对金属橡胶颗粒的刚度特性和阻尼性能的影响规律.金属橡胶颗粒静态特性试验研究为金属橡胶颗粒的设计和工程应用奠定了基础.     

Numerical investigation of the influence of large turbulence scales on the parallel and perpendicular transport of cosmic rays

In recent analytical investigations it has been demonstrated that the turbulence behavior at large scales has a very strong influence on the perpendicular diffusion coefficient of charged particles. In the present paper we use computer simulations to investigate numerically cross field transport and particle propagation along the mean magnetic field for different turbulence models at large scales. Our results are compared with quasilinear theory and nonlinear diffusion theories. We show that for different forms of the turbulence spectrum at large scales, the perpendicular mean free paths obtained numerically are in agreement with recent predictions made by analytical theory. It is also shown that the parallel diffusion coefficient contains always a strong nonlinear contribution which is, however, independent of the assumed spectrum at large scales.     

Observations of Extended Radio Emission in Clusters

We review observations of extended regions of radio emission in clusters; these include diffuse emission in ‘relics’, and the large central regions commonly referred to as ‘halos’. The spectral observations, as well as Faraday rotation measurements of background and cluster radio sources, provide the main evidence for large-scale intracluster magnetic fields and significant densities of relativistic electrons. Implications from these observations on acceleration mechanisms of these electrons are reviewed, including turbulent and shock acceleration, and also the origin of some of the electrons in collisions of relativistic protons by ambient protons in the (thermal) gas. Improved knowledge of non-thermal phenomena in clusters requires more extensive and detailed radio measurements; we briefly review prospects for future observations.     

Particle Acceleration at Interplanetary Shocks

This paper briefly reviews proton acceleration at interplanetary shocks. This is key to describing the acceleration of heavy ions at interplanetary shocks because wave excitation—and hence particle scattering—at oblique shocks is controlled by the protons and not the heavy ions. Heavy ions behave as test particles, and their acceleration characteristics are controlled by the properties of proton-excited turbulence. As a result, the resonance condition for heavy ions introduces distinctly different signatures in abundance, spectra, and intensity profiles, depending on ion mass and charge. Self-consistent models of heavy-ion acceleration and the resulting fractionation are discussed. This includes discussion of the injection problem and the acceleration characteristics of quasi-parallel and quasi-perpendicular shocks.     

气固两相流粒子粒径分布测试技术的研究

研究了一种气固两相流粒子群宽粒径分布的测试方法;对０．１～２０００ｕｍ大粒子的粒径测试给出了理论分析和试验验证。提出了以较大发散角的低功率半导体激光器为光源,用侧向椭球反射镜接收散射光,并用概率统计的方法可以测量０．１～２０００ｕｍ粒子的粒径分布。该方法可以应用于电厂、环保等领域的粉尘监测,具有较高的实用价值。     

基于粒子系统的焰火模拟研究

主要研究了基于粒子系统方法的焰火动态模拟。首先介绍了粒子系统方法，给出了利用粒子系统方法模拟动态自然景物的基本模型和处理步骤；通过对焰火细节和特点的分析，给出了模拟焰火的数据结构。然后详细介绍了焰火动态模拟的算法，其中主要介绍焰火的颜色、亮度、透明度、形状、大小、尾迹、生命周期等特性以及鼠窜、旋转、星状等特殊显示效果的模拟。最后利用OpenGL技术实现有背景位图的焰火动态模拟。     

高密度粒子场全息测试中粒子间相互作用的研究

本文用圆盘粒子模型对粒子场中粒子间相互作用作了定量计算,得出高密度粒子场中的大粒子效应及全息记录中的全息图效应等结论,由于这些效应的存在,使得在分析处理粒子场时,会出现小粒子丢失,从而给粒子场的统计分布特性分析提供了重要的理论依据。