A global survey of COSMIC ionospheric peak electron density and its height: A comparison with ground-based ionosonde measurements

With a network of ground-based ionosondes distributed around the world, the ionospheric peak electron density and its height measured by FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC satellites in terms of GPS radio occultation technique are extensively examined in this article. It is found that, in spite of the latitude, the mean values of the peak electron density measured by COSMIC satellites are systematically smaller than those observed by ground-based ionosondes. The discrepancy between them is dependent on the latitude, namely, it is small in low and mid-latitudes and large in high-latitude region. Moreover, statistical analysis shows that the slopes of the regression line that is best fitted to the scatter diagram of occultation-retrieved peak electron density (ordinate axis) versus ionosonde-observed peak density (abscissa axis) are universally less than one. This feature is believed to be the result of path average effect of non-uniform distribution of the electron density along the GSP ray during the occultation. A comparison between COSMIC-measured peak height and ionosonde-derived peak height hmF2 indicates that the former is systematically higher than the latter. The difference in the two can be as large as 20% or more in equatorial and low-latitude regions. This result implies that the peak height hmF2 derived from the virtual height through true height analysis based on Titheridge method seems to underestimate the true peak height. The correlation between COSMIC and ionosonde peak electron densities is analyzed and the result reveals that correlation coefficient seems to be dependent on the fluctuation of the occultation-retrieved electron density profile. The correlation will be higher (lower) for the electron density profiles with smaller (larger) fluctuations. This feature suggests that the inhomogeneous distribution of the electron density along the GPS ray path during the occultation plays an important role affecting the correlation between COSMIC and ionosonde measurements.     

带集中热源的散热器温度场的数值分析

随着大规模集成电路的发展,电子设备的封装体积越来越小,功率却越来越大,这就使电子设备的温度日益增高,而电子设备的可靠性又与温度密切相关,良好的散热是电子设备应用中重要的一环.本文以通用的矩形翅片式散热器来对比带集中热源和带平均热源的散热器的温度差异,提出以嵌入热管的方法来解决带集中热源散热器的散热难题,并运用IcEPEK软件对其可行性进行了验证.     

低压断路器灭弧室温度检测

设计了基于光纤光栅传感系统的低压断路器灭弧室温度检测装置,实验测量出灭弧室温度数据,进行了数据的有限元分析,绘制出灭弧室内温度场分布图.     

金属间化合物TiAl(W,Si)合金的蠕变行为和机制

 研究了 Ti-47Al-2 W-0.5 Si合金在 650～ 750℃区间的蠕变行为和变形机制。结果表明,合金 650℃蠕变寿命与施加应力之间符合线性的双对数关系,可用表达式 lg^t_f=10 lg^R+30来描述。蠕变寿命与最小蠕变速率之间满足 Monkman-Grant关系的修正式。合金的比蠕变强度与抗热腐蚀镍基高温合金 K438G相当。在700℃变载荷下蠕变时具有与恒载荷下蠕变相类似的特征。 800℃长期时效粗化合金组织,降低蠕变寿命。位错滑移和形变孪生是合金蠕变的主要变形机制。     

新型活动密封件的研究与应用

根据飞机液压系统橡胶密封圈使用中易出现老化,引起串油、串气等故障问题,结合某机型试验提出新材料密封圈改进方案,以满足系统的高温及动密封性使用要求。试验结果表明,新材料密封圈适合高温、动密封部位的使用,可以替代丁腈试5171橡胶密封圈,应用于液压系统,提高系统性能。     

温度传感器辐射修正校准的准确牲研究

为了确定温度传感器辐射修正校准的准确性，需要对温度传感器辐射修正校准结果进行对比及不确定度分析。本文介绍了在热校准风洞中进行温度传感器辐射修正校准的结果，并做了对比研究和不确定度分析。     

Semi-analytic Solution of Steady Temperature Fields During Thin Plate Welding

Usually, it is very difficult to find out an analytical solution to thermal conduction problems during high temperature welding. Therefore, as an important numerical approach, the method of lines （MOLs） is introduced to solve the temperature field characterized by high gradients. The basic idea of the method is to semi-discretize the governing equation of the problem into a system of ordinary differential equations （ODEs） defined on discrete lines by means of the finite difference method, by which the thermal boundary condition with high gradients are directly embodied in formulation. Thus the temperature field can be obtained by solving the ODEs. As a numerical example, the variation of an axisymmetrical temperature field along the plate thickness can be obtained.     

我国航空材料的腐蚀与防护现状与展望

评述了我国航空材料腐蚀与防护技术的现状,主要介绍了我国在自然环境试验、户内加速试验、腐蚀机理和测试、高温防护涂层以及表面处理和防护技术,展望了我国航空材料腐蚀与防护技术的发展趋势及应用前景.     

原位合成TiC/Ti基复合材料氧化行为

研究了TiC/Ti基复合材料在550℃,600℃和650℃空气中恒温氧化行为.分析了增强体TiC对钛基复合材料氧化动力学行为的影响,并用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和配有能谱仪(EDS)的扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对氧化层表面的相组成、形貌以及氧化层剖面的显微结构进行了分析.结果表明:TiC/Ti基复合材料的氧化层由金红石型的氧化物TiO2组成;增强体TiC能够提高钛基复合材料的抗氧化性,而且随着TiC增强体含量的增加,钛基复合材料的抗氧化性增加;这主要是因为TiC增强体能够促进致密氧化膜的生成.氧化动力学曲线为抛物线类型.     

非比例加载下GH4169高温多轴疲劳行为研究

利用薄壁管拉扭疲劳试样, 在高温控制应变循环加载下研究高温合金GH4169的多轴疲劳行为.高温多轴疲劳试验采用比例与非比例加载路径.在试验过程中,利用数据采集系统全程记录拉与扭的应力响应值以研究比例与非比例拉扭加载下的循环特性.研究结果表明,高温拉扭非比例加载下,疲劳寿命有明显降低;拉与扭应力响应多为循环软化,无明显的循环稳定现象.在低频加载下,由于高温蠕变效应加大,使循环软化速度加快,表现为曲线下降明显.在整个疲劳过程中,扭转应力响应分量均显示循环软化现象,而拉压应力响应分量的硬化与软化特性取决于应变加载参数.