Magnetospheric Physics in China:2014—2015

In the past two years, much progress is made in magnetospheric physics by using the data of Double Star Program, Cluster, THEMIS, RBSP, Swarm missions etc., or by computer simulations. This paper briefly reviews these works based on papers selected from the 191 publications from January 2014 to December 2015. The subjects cover various sub-branches of magnetospheric physics, including geomagnetic storm, magnetospheric substorm, magnetic reconnection, solar windmagnetosphere-ionosphere interaction, radiation belt, outer magnetosphere, magnetotail, plasmasphere, geomagnetic field, auroras and currents.     

模化比对直升机用红外抑制器红外辐射特性的影响

对波瓣喷管一弯曲混合管构成的直升机用红外抑制器壁面和尾焰的红外辐射特性进行了一系列的数值研究,旨在将三维流场数值计算、壁温计算与红外辐射计算结合起来综合分析抑制器红外辐射特性,与相关实验数据的对比验证表明计算结果与实验结果仅相差15%左右,且红外辐射强度空问分布规律一致;通过对不同缩比模型的数值计算,揭示了模化比对壁面及尾焰的红外辐射特性的影响规律:(1)几何相似的红外抑制器在主流入口速度、温度相同时,壁面红外辐射强度与几何模化比的2次方成正比;(2)尾焰红外辐射强度与几何模化比的2.32次方成正比.      

用温度修正的k-ε模型研究排气系统红外辐射特性

为研究温度修正的k-ε湍流模型对排气系统红外辐射特性计算精度的改善程度,计算了某轴对称收敛喷管在3~5μm波段的空腔-喷流组合红外辐射特性,并与试验结果对比.喷管流场及温度场采用有限体积法(FVM)求解Navier-Stokes(N-S)方程得到,湍流模型分别采用标准k-ε模型和温度修正的k-ε模型.红外辐射特性的计算采用有限体积法求解吸收-发射性介质条件下的三维辐射传输方程,并考虑大气衰减作用.计算结果表明:温度修正的k-ε模型可有效预测排气系统热喷流的核心区长度,从而获得与试验结果一致的红外辐射强度.与标准k-ε模型相比,采用温度修正的k-ε模型计算得到的红外辐射强度的最大相对误差由64%降至了4.3%,说明温度修正的k-ε模型适用于精确模拟排气系统的红外辐射特性.      

乙烯燃烧简化化学动力学模型及其验证

采用“准稳态”方法,从乙烯燃烧的详细化学反应动力学模型出发,建立了包含20个组分和16步总包反应的简化化学动力学模型。为检验动力学模型的有效性,在我国同步辐射实验室燃烧站上开展了乙烯／O2／Ar的层流预混火焰组分测量。应用一维数值方法对实验结果进行了模拟,计算的组分分布和实验测量数据进行了对比。结果表明：简化反应动力学模型能有效地再现详细基元反应模型的反应机理,具有较高精度;但采用乙烯详细化学动力学模型计算结果与实验测量还存在一定的差异,需要进一步改进。     

红外测温仪示值的影响因素

根据红外测温仪的原理,结合红外测温仪的应用实例,分析了影响红外测温仪示值的主要因素,对如何正确使用和校准红外测温仪给出了建议。     

有介质覆盖层的微带偶极天线的辐射场和所激励的表面波

本文给出了有介质覆盖层的微带偶极天线的格林函数表达式,计算了辐射场,并对这种结构中的表面波现象作了较仔细的分析,讨论了一些对设计天线阵、表面波天线有意义的表面波特性。     

赤道异常峰区电离层的某些特点

由于赤道异常北峰覆盖我国整个南部地带,因此对峰区电离层特征的研究就成为掌握中国电离层特点的关键之一。本文试图对以下六个问题作些介绍和评述:1.逐日起伏和子夜前极大;2.峰位置的移动;3.赤道异常的经度效应;4.不均匀结构引起的强闪烁和快速法拉第衰落;5.顶部电离层的离化突起和中性赤道异常;6.粒子沉降的双峰分布.     

Modelling of Geomagnetic Storm Effects in the Ionosphere of East Asia

This paper presents simulated results of the ionospheric behavior during few geomagnetic storms,which were occurred in the different seasons. The numerical model for ionosphere-plasmasphere coupling was used to interpret the observed variation of ionosphere structure. Reasons why the positive storms are dominant in the winter whereas the negative ones are dominant in the summer season present the special interest for the mid-latitude ionosphere. A theoretical analysis of the processes controlling the ionospheric response to the geomagnetic storms has showed a good agreement between the simulated results and measurements, as well as the crucial role of the neutral composition variations to fit the calculated and the observed ionospheric parameters.     

Neural network development for the forecasting of upper atmosphere parameter distributions

This paper presents a neural network modeling approach to forecast electron concentration distributions in the 150–600 km altitude range above Arecibo, Puerto Rico. The neural network was trained using incoherent scatter radar data collected at the Arecibo Observatory during the past two decades, as well as the Kp geomagnetic index provided by the National Space Science Data Center. The data set covered nearly two solar cycles, allowing the neural network to model daily, seasonal, and solar cycle variations of upper atmospheric parameter distributions. Two types of neural network architectures, feedforward and Elman recurrent, are used in this study. Topics discussed include the network design, training strategy, data analysis, as well as preliminary testing results of the networks on electron concentration distributions.     

Solar wind electron density and temperature over solar cycle 23: Thermal noise measurements on Wind

We present the solar wind plasma parameters obtained from the Wind spacecraft during more than nine years, encompassing almost the whole solar cycle 23. Since its launch in November 1994 Wind has frequently observed the in-ecliptic solar wind upstream of the Earth’s bow shock. The WIND/WAVES thermal noise receiver was specially designed to measure the in situ plasma thermal noise spectra, from which the electron density and temperature can be accurately determined. We present and discuss histograms of such measurements performed from 1994 to 2003. Using these large data sets, we study the density and core temperature variations with solar activity cycle and with different regimes of the solar wind. We confirm the anticorrelation of the electron density with the sunspot number, and obtain a positive correlation of the core temperature, with the sunspot number.