太阳紫外辐射对星上光学膜层的影响

光学遥感是当前卫星遥感的重要手段, 而卫星温控和能源系统也广泛采 用光学膜层, 它们在空间环境条件下的性能对卫星应用任务的完成, 乃至卫星寿命、安全将起着非常重要的作用. 本文给出了太阳紫外辐射对星上光学膜层影响的主要机制, 分析了这一影响的主要规律和原子氧剥蚀、高能粒子和静电场的作用, 综述了太阳紫外辐射对星上光学系统表面膜层影响的测量结果, 最后提出了星上光学膜层污染防护中应重点关注的几个方面.      

电子回旋共振推力器放电室内磁场与微波电磁场分析

电子回旋共振推力器具有寿命长、比冲高、结构简单等特点,适宜用作深空探测器主推进装置。放电室是电子回旋共振推力器的关键部件,其作用是产生电子回旋共振等离子体。放电室内的磁场和微波电磁场分布对于推力器的可靠启动、稳定工作有着重要的影响。为此针对10cm推力器,采用大型有限元分析软件ANSYS建立了三种磁路模型,计算了放电室内的磁场分布,得出三种方案中电子回旋共振面的位置,分析放电室材料不同时磁场分布的变化;最后采用ANSYS有限元分析软件计算了放电室内的电磁场分布。结果表明,在电子回旋共振面上微波能量满足放电所需能量。计算结果可以为电子回旋共振推力器放电室的设计提供帮助。     

某小型无人机中长波辐射特性测量及辐射强度反演

随着“自杀式”无人机集群的饱和式攻击在战场上发挥巨大威力,如何有效拦截是各国近年来研究的重要方向,而红外探测是最热门也是最高效的探测拦截手段之一。为此,开展某典型无人机目标中长波红外探测试验,获取典型某无人机目标辐射特性数据,完成中长波红外辐射强度反演。同时,考虑环境变化对红外探测的影响,为使用红外探测手段完成无人机目标拦截提供实测效果演示。本文研究结果可作为论证中长波对无人机目标探测差异的依据,以支撑探测体制的选择。     

某类跨大气层飞行器全航程红外辐射特性分析

针对某类跨大气层飞行器飞行过程中需要进出大气层,且飞行速度跨度大等特点,建立了不同空域、不同飞行速度下的机体头部受热模型。当在大气层内飞行时分别使用经验公式和Lees公式计算马赫数小于5和大于5时头部受热情况,当在大气层外飞行时建立了考虑太阳直射、地球反照和地球红外加热情况下的受热模型。利用普朗克定律得到了相同温度下不同波段的红外辐射能量占比情况。最后利用本方法对某类跨大气层飞行器进行了温度和红外辐射计算,得到的计算结果能够大致反映全航程头部温度和红外辐射变化情况。     

电离辐照诱发面阵电荷耦合器暗信号增大试验

针对电荷耦合器件(CCD)在空间轨道环境中应用时易受到辐射损伤的影响,对面阵CCD的电离辐照损伤效应问题进行了试验研究.首先,通过开展面阵CCD60 Co γ射线电离辐照效应试验,在暗场条件下测试了面阵CCD辐照后输出信号随积分时间的变化,并拟合计算出暗信号斜率.然后,对比分析了不同偏置条件下辐照后暗信号退化的试验规律;分析了不同偏置条件下辐照后暗信号的退火恢复情况;分析了不同积分时间、不同总剂量下的暗信号不均匀性的变化规律.最后,阐述了电离辐照损伤诱发面阵CCD暗信号增大的物理机制.结果表明:面阵CCD对电离辐照损伤很敏感,在进行航天器成像系统设计时,要充分考虑CCD受电离辐照损伤带来的影响.     

我国空间电力线谐波辐射现象分析

研究了利用DEMETER卫星电磁场探测数据辨识电力线谐波辐射(PLHR,Power Line Harmonic Radiation)事件的方法,探讨了我国空间中PLHR事件的特点.通过采用时频分析和Welch功率谱估计法分析了2005-2010年6年我国空间中的全部卫星电场强度探测数据,共发现151例PLHR事件,给出了PLHR事件的统计分析和典型实例.结果表明我国空间PLHR事件的频率分布在1 000~4 500 Hz之间,多为50 Hz的奇数倍,间隔为50/100 Hz.PLHR事件与我国电网发展和变化有密切关系,与地磁活动水平无关,呈现出昼夜差异和季节差异.最后给出了影响PLHR事件探测的可能因素.     

Method for the prediction of the effective dose equivalent to the crew of the International Space Station

This paper describes a methodology for assessing the pre-mission exposure of space crew aboard the International Space Station (ISS) in terms of an effective dose equivalent. In this approach, the PHITS Monte Carlo code was used to assess the particle transport of galactic cosmic radiation (GCR) and trapped radiation for solar maximum and minimum conditions through an aluminum shield thickness. From these predicted spectra, and using fluence-to-dose conversion factors, a scaling ratio of the effective dose equivalent rate to the ICRU ambient dose equivalent rate at a 10 mm depth was determined. Only contributions from secondary neutrons, protons, and alpha particles were considered in this analysis.     

Analysis of the ionosphere/plasmasphere electron content variability during strong geomagnetic storm

The ionosphere/plasmasphere electron content (PEC) variations during strong geomagnetic storms in November 2004 were estimated by combining of mid-latitude Kharkov incoherent scatter radar observations and GPS TEC data derived from global TEC maps. The comparison between two independent measurements was performed by analysis of the height-temporal distribution for specific location corresponding to the mid-latitudes of Europe. The percentage contribution of PEC to GPS TEC indicated the clear dependence from the time with maximal values (more than 70%) during night-time. During day-time the lesser values (30–45%) were observed for quiet geomagnetic conditions and rather high values of the PEC contribution to GPS TEC (up to 90%) were observed during strong negative storm. These changes can be explained by the competing effects of electric fields and winds, which tend to raise the layer to the region with lower loss rate and movement of the ionospheric plasma to the plasmasphere.     

Prediction of shock-layer ultraviolet radiation for hypersonic vehicles in near space

A systemic and validated model was developed to predict ultraviolet spectra features from the shock layer of near-space hypersonic vehicles in the ‘‘solar blind" band region. Computational procedures were performed with 7-species thermal non-equilibrium fluid mechanics, finite rate chemistry, and radiation calculations. The thermal non-equilibrium flow field was calculated with a two-temperature model by the finite volume technique and verified against the bow-shock ultra-violet(BSUV) flight experiments. The absorption coefficient of the mixture gases was evaluated with a line-by-line method and validated through laboratory shock tube measurements. Using the line of sight(LOS) method, radiation was calculated from three BSUV flights at altitudes of 38,53.5 and 71 km. The investigation focused on the level and structure of ultraviolet spectra radiated from a NO band system in wavelengths of 200–400 nm. Results predicted by the current model show qualitative spatial agreement with the measured data. At a velocity of 3.5 km/s(about Mach11), the peak absolute intensity at an altitude of 38 km is two orders of magnitude higher than that at 53.5 km. Under the same flight conditions, the spectra structures have quite a similar distribution at different viewing angles. The present computational model performs well in the prediction of the ultraviolet spectra emitted from the shock layer and will contribute to the investigation and analysis of radiative features of hypersonic vehicles in near space.     

红外增强器辐射特性的测试和实验研究

本文对某靶机拖靶的红外增强器的红外辐射特征进行了实验研究,将红外增强器作为点源目标,对几种不同结构形式,在不同工作状态下,进行了地面现场实验测试。文中简要介绍了所使用的仪器和组合的红外测试系统,着重论述了红外增强器的辐射光谱特征、辐射能随时间和空间的分布情况、在多种工作状态下的表观有效红外辐射强度等红外辐射特征的实验测试方法,并对实验结果进行了分析。 实验表明:所测数据具有较好的重复性,相关参数具有明显的紧密相关性,其结果是可信的,为研制新型红外辐射源,提供了一种可供借鉴的探测系统和探测技术。