非线性量测下自适应噪声协方差PHD滤波

概率假设密度(PHD)滤波算法已被证明是实时多目标跟踪的有效方法,但现有这些基于PHD滤波的方法假设量测噪声协方差先验已知,而实际中量测噪声协方差可能是未知或随着环境改变而变化。针对这一问题,提出了一种适用于非线性量测模型的自适应噪声协方差多目标跟踪算法。该算法以PHD滤波为基础,采用容积卡尔曼(CK)技术近似非线性量测模型,利用逆威沙特(IW)分布描述量测噪声协方差分布,通过变分贝叶斯(VB)近似技术迭代估计量测噪声协方差和多目标状态联合后验密度。仿真结果表明,本文所提算法可有效估计量测噪声协方差,同时实现准确的目标数和目标状态估计。     

Validation of FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC radio occultation electron density profiles by incoherent scatter radar data

Low Earth Orbiting satellites carrying a dual frequency GPS receiver onboard offer a unique opportunity to remote sensing of the global ionosphere on a continuous basis. No other profiling technique unifies profiling through the entire F2-layer with global coverage. The FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC data can make a positive impact on the global ionosphere study providing essential information about the height electron density distribution and particularly over regions that are not accessible with ground-based measuring instruments such as ionosondes and GPS dual frequency receivers. Therefore, it is important to verify occultation profiles with other techniques and to obtain experience in the reliability of their derivation. In the given study we present results of comparison of the electron density profiles derived from radio occultation measurements on-board FS-3/COSMIC and from the Kharkov incoherent scatter radar sounding.     

The response of the ionosphere over Ilorin to some geomagnetic storms

The effects of some geomagnetic storms on the F2 layer peak parameters over Ilorin, Nigeria (Lat. 8:53°N, Long. 4.5°E, dip angle, −2.96°) have been investigated. Our results showed that the highest intensity of the noon bite-out occurred during the March equinox and lowest during the June Solstice on quiet days. Quiet day NmF2 disturbances which appeared as a pre-storm enhancement, but not related to the magnetic storm event that followed were observed at this station. These enhancements were attributed to the modification of the equatorial electric field as a result of injection of the Auroral electric field to the low and equatorial ionosphere. For disturbed conditions, the morphology of the NmF2 on quiet days is altered. Daytime and nighttime NmF2 and hmF2 enhancements were recorded at this station. Decreases in NmF2 were also observed during the recovery periods, most of which appeared during the post-noon period, except the storm event of May 28–29. On the average, enhancements in NmF2 (i.e. Positive phases) are the prominent features of this station. Observations from this study also indicate that Dst, Ap and Kp which have been the most widely used indices in academic research in describing the behavior of geomagnetic storms, are not sufficient for storm time analysis in the equatorial and low latitude ionosphere.     

基于CHAMP卫星观测数据对热层大气密度的经验正交分析

对2003年(太阳活动较高年)至2007年(太阳活动低年) CHAMP卫星的热层大气密度观测数据进行了经验正交函数(EOF)分析, 得到了400 km高度上白天平均大气密度ρ的太阳活动周变化与年度变化等不同变化分量. 研究结果表明, ρ受太阳活动影响较大, 其太阳周变化分量与F10.7指数变化之间的相关系数可高达94.5 %; ρ的太阳周变化分量随纬度增加而减小, 且在中高纬地区, 南半球的值明显大于北半球的值, 在低纬地区则出现基本对称的双峰分布, 即赤道质量密度异常(EMA)结构. 在ρ的年变化中, 呈现出明显的季节变化, 即夏季低冬季高; 同时ρ的年变化幅度随太阳活动增加而增强, 随纬度增加而增强. 将本文结果与经验模式NRLMSISE00在观测条件下的输出数据进行对比, 发现两者的太阳周变化与年变化分量基本一致, 但本文观测数据的太阳周成分随纬度变化略小, 年变化幅度略大, 且NRLMSISE00模式不能再现EMA结构. 研究结果对揭示热层气候学变化特征具有重要意义.      

高超声速飞行器热流密度/分层温度/碳化层研究

受试验设备能力限制,地面风洞无法完全模拟高超声速飞行器临近空间热环境。文章采用在飞行器表面开孔安装长时耐高温热流传感器直接测量热流密度的方法,国内首次获得Ma12以上高超声速飞行器表面热流密度时变数据和边界层转捩特征。实测热流值与理论预示值规律相同,两者偏差小于20%。针对树脂基材料导热微分方程中虽考虑了热解吸热项,但未考虑导热系数随温度变化情况,采用在树脂基材料导热微分方程中加入物性参数随温度变化项的方法,计算了飞行器热防护结构内部分层温度和碳化层厚度,并与实测结果进行了比较,不考虑树脂热解特性和材料物性参数随温度变化,理论值高于实测值,最大偏差275~320℃;考虑热解特性和物性参数随温度变化情况,计算值与实测值最大偏差小于70℃。     

减速板故障下的RLV末端区域能量管理算法设计

针对可重复使用运载器(RLV)在末端区域能量管理阶段可能存在减速板故障而无法精确控制速度大小,导致无法稳定到达着陆窗口的问题,提出一种考虑减速板故障下的在线RLV末端区域能量管理算法。首先给出减速板卡死故障下的飞行器运动模型,并分析其对飞行器运动产生的影响。然后,在能量走廊内设计纵向标称轨迹,结合飞行能力,设计有限时间轨迹跟踪控制器跟踪地面侧向几何轨迹。最后,分析动压剖面与飞行距离之间的关系,提出减速板卡死故障下的在线修正动压剖面算法,将传统的动压剖面四参数求解简化为单参数更新问题,避免动压剖面的迭代,简化计算流程。仿真结果表明,所设计的算法在减速板故障且存在气动不确定性时,能够顺利到达自主着陆窗口,具有鲁棒性。     

回收过程中高空风场的特点及描述

风场对航天器的发射、飞行及落点的影响不可忽略。文章针对回收过程的中高空风场主要因素的基本概念及特点进行了简单综述 ,并阐述了如何用综合风剖面法对回收过程中高空风场进行描述 ,同时给出了中国北方某地区风的测量数据的一些主要统计特性     

一种提高MIMO雷达角闪烁抑制性能的方法

针对MIMO雷达体制下角闪烁引起的测角误差问题,提出了一种基于RCS自适应融合加权的抑     

30Cr3钢壳体淬火状态下真空电子束焊接工艺

为解决淬火状态下30Cr3超高强度钢在真空电子束焊接时易产生冷裂纹、过热区脆化及热影响区软化等问题,在对材料性能分析的基础上,采取了提高真空度、提高加速电压、焊前预热、选择合适的焊接速度以及焊后回火处理等措施。结果表明,金相分析未发现缺陷,试样断口为塑性断裂,试片焊缝强度系数达0 96,产品爆破压力pb>27MPa。证明该方法可满足设计要求的焊接接头,为固体火箭发动机壳体的生产提供了新的工艺方法。