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61.
结冰问题的研究对于民用飞机设计十分重要,采用结冰风洞试验是主要的方法之一,欧美国家有很多成熟的结冰风洞用于型号研究。结冰风洞中需要对很多参数进行控制,其中水雾参数精确控制的难度很大,而且一般通过间接方法来进行测试校准,往往误差较大,导致不同结冰风洞试验结果往往有所差异。文章介绍了在意大利宇航中心的IWT 结冰风洞完成的冰风洞校准试验,对结冰风洞水雾参数校准方法进行了阐述,为民机结冰风洞研究提供参考。 相似文献
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采用不同工艺参数对TA15钛合金进行电子束焊接,通过观察焊缝形貌、测量其形状参数研究了焊接接头形貌的变化规律,并分析了焊接接头组织。结果表明:增大电子束流时,熔深、半熔深熔宽、焊缝宽度都增大,焊缝横截面的形状从"钉形"转变为"钟罩形";增大焊接速度,对焊缝形状影响不大,熔深、半熔深熔宽及焊缝宽度均减小,深宽比先增大后减小;聚焦电流的增大对熔深作用较明显,半熔深熔宽及焊缝宽度变化不大;扫描幅值的增加使焊缝熔深减小,半熔深熔宽增大。靠近母材的热影响区组织与母材组织相近,主要由初生等轴状α相及转变β相组成,并出现针状(α+β);靠近熔合线的组织由α相和针状(α+β)相构成,并出现α'马氏体;熔合区组织由α'组成,熔合线周围柱状晶垂直于焊缝中心生长,并在焊缝中心形成单列或多列的等轴状晶。 相似文献
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为揭示高温合金电子束焊接头的疲劳特性,对其开展了疲劳裂纹萌生数值模拟研究。考虑焊缝区微观组织特性,对Voronoi图法进行改进,建立了焊缝区包含柱状晶、细等轴晶及粗等轴晶的混合晶区微观组织模型;对ABAQUS进行二次开发,考虑晶粒随机取向,生成晶粒多滑移带模型。基于Tanaka-Mura位错滑移模型,编写了疲劳裂纹萌生算法,考虑晶界处裂纹的连接与合并,对算法进行了改进,并结合有限元计算建立了电子束焊接头疲劳裂纹萌生数值模拟方法。基于上述方法对GH4169电子束焊接头不同载荷大小的疲劳裂纹萌生进行数值模拟,分析了裂纹萌生过程及萌生寿命,并与试验结果进行对比验证;还探讨了不同热影响区晶粒尺寸对焊接接头疲劳裂纹萌生的影响规律。结果表明,电子束焊接头疲劳裂纹均萌生于热影响区,但随着载荷水平的提高,萌生位置向熔合区一侧靠近;当热影响区晶粒尺寸与母材区晶粒尺寸越接近时,接头疲劳寿命越长。 相似文献
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Malini Aggarwal H.P. Joshi K.N. Iyer Y.-S. Kwak J.J. Lee H. Chandra K.S. Cho 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2012
The ionospheric total electron content (TEC) in the northern hemispheric equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) crest region is investigated by using dual-frequency signals of the Global Positioning System (GPS) acquired from Rajkot (Geog. Lat. 22.29°N, Geog. Long. 70.74°E; Geom. Lat. 14.21°N, Geom. Long. 144.90°E), India. The day-to-day variability of EIA characteristics is examined during low solar activity period (F10.7∼83 sfu). It is found that the daily maximum TEC at EIA crest exhibits a day-to-day and strong semi-annual variability. The seasonal anomaly and equinoctial asymmetry in TEC at EIA is found non-existent and weaker, respectively. We found a moderate and positive correlation of daily magnitude of crest, Ic with daily F10.7 and EUV fluxes with a correlation coefficient of 0.43 and 0.33, respectively indicating an existence of a short-term relation between TEC at EIA and the solar radiation even during low solar activity period. The correlation of daily Ic with Dst index is also moderate (r = −0.35), whereas no correlation is found with the daily Kp index (r = 0.14) respectively. We found that the magnitude of EIA crest is moderately correlated with solar flux in all seasons except winter where it is weakly related (0.27). The magnitude of EIA crest is also found highly related with EEJ strength in spring (r = 0.69) and summer (r = 0.65) than autumn (0.5) and winter (r = 0.47), though EEJ is stronger in autumn than spring. 相似文献
69.
O.A. Oladipo Torben Schüler 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2012
A study of the performance of the NeQuick model and the Klobuchar model for GNSS single frequency range delay correction on a global scale was done using data for moderate solar activity. In this study NeQuick was used in the way intended for Galileo. This study is to assess the performance of the two models at each ionospheric geographic region during moderate solar activity as previously published studies were concentrated only on high solar activity. The results obtained showed that NeQuick outperformed Klobuchar for the whole year at the three geographical regions of the ionosphere. In terms of monthly root mean square of mismodeling, NeQuick outperformed Klobuchar by 15 TECU or more at low-latitudes, 5 TEC or more at mid-latitudes, and 1 TECU or more at high-latitudes. 相似文献
70.
M. Pezzopane M. Pietrella A. Pignatelli B. Zolesi Lj.R. Cander 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2013
This paper describes the three-dimensional (3-D) electron density mapping of the ionosphere given as output by the assimilative IRI-SIRMUP-P (ISP) model for three different geomagnetic storms. Results of the 3-D model are shown by comparing the electron density profiles given by the model with the ones measured at two testing ionospheric stations: Roquetes (40.8°N, 0.5°E), Spain, and San Vito (40.6°N, 17.8°E), Italy. The reference ionospheric stations from which the autoscaled foF2 and M(3000)F2 data as well as the real-time vertical electron density profiles are assimilated by the ISP model are those of El Arenosillo (37.1°N, 353.3°E), Spain, Rome (41.8°N, 12.5°E), and Gibilmanna (37.9°N, 14.0°E), Italy. Overall, the representation of the ionosphere made by the ISP model is better than the climatological representation made by only the IRI-URSI and the IRI-CCIR models. However, there are few cases for which the assimilation of the autoscaled data from the reference stations causes either a strong underestimation or a strong overestimation of the real conditions of the ionosphere, which is in these cases better represented by only the IRI-URSI model. This ISP misrepresentation is mainly due to the fact that the reference ionospheric stations covering the region mapped by the model turn out to be few, especially for disturbed periods when the ionosphere is very variable both in time and in space and hence a larger number of stations would be required. The inclusion of new additional reference ionospheric stations could surely smooth out this concern. 相似文献