Formation flying reconfiguration manoeuvres via environmental forces in highly elliptical orbits

A study on reconfiguration manoevres applied to a tetrahedral formation in highly elliptical orbits is proposed, by using a propellantless solution. The manoeuvring strategy consists in exploiting certain environmental forces, specifically those provided by solar radiation pressure and atmospheric drag, by actively controlling the satellites’ attitudes. Through inverse dynamics particle swarm optimization the optimal attitudes required for the manoeuvres are evaluated, whereas the configuration’s evolution is simulated by a high-fidelity orbital simulator. The goal of the reconfiguration problem is to find an optimal control in order for the four spacecraft to reach a desired configuration in a specified portion of orbit, where the desired configuration is evaluated by a shape and size geometric parameter. By increasing the manoeuvring time and the satellites’ area to mass ratio, all the case studies considered are successfully verified.     

机场终端区域电磁环境分析

主要分析了机场终端区域主要使用的无线电设备及位置分布,各种无线电设备对电磁环境的要求以及信号覆盖、信号强度,对可能存在的干扰进行简单的分析,为进一步对机场终端区电磁环境仿真奠定理论基础。最后,本文对广汉机场的电磁环境进行了具体分析。     

InfraRed Astronomy Satellite Swarm Interferometry (IRASSI): Overview and study results

The far-infrared (FIR) regime is one of the few wavelength ranges where no astronomical data with sub-arcsecond spatial resolution exist yet. Neither of the medium-term satellite projects like SPICA, Millimetron or OST will resolve this malady. For many research areas, however, information at high spatial and spectral resolution in the FIR, taken from atomic fine-structure lines, from highly excited carbon monoxide (CO) and especially from water lines would open the door for transformative science. These demands call for interferometric concepts. We present here first results of our feasibility study IRASSI (Infrared Astronomy Satellite Swarm Interferometry) for an FIR space interferometer. Extending on the principal concept of the previous study ESPRIT, it features heterodyne interferometry within a swarm of five satellite elements. The satellites can drift in and out within a range of several hundred meters, thereby achieving spatial resolutions of <0.1 arcsec over the whole wavelength range of 1–6 THz. Precise knowledge on the baselines will be ensured by metrology methods employing laser-based optical frequency combs, for which preliminary ground-based tests have been designed by members of our study team. We first give a motivation on how the science requirements translate into operational and design parameters for IRASSI. Our consortium has put much emphasis on the navigational aspects of such a free-flying swarm of satellites operating in relatively close vicinity. We hence present work on the formation geometry, the relative dynamics of the swarm, and aspects of our investigation towards attitude estimation. Furthermore, we discuss issues regarding the real-time capability of the autonomous relative positioning system, which is an important aspect for IRASSI where, due to the large raw data rates expected, the interferometric correlation has to be done onboard, in quasi-real-time. We also address questions regarding the spacecraft architecture and how a first thermomechanical model is used to study the effect of thermal perturbations on the spacecraft. This will have implications for the necessary internal calibration of the local tie between the laser metrology and the phase centres of the science signals and will ultimately affect the accuracy of the baseline estimations.     

部分球壳分布离子流激发的电磁不稳定性

在离子环束流和低频电磁波相互作用的过程中廓了环束流将演化成具有投掷角展宽的部分球壳速度分布离子流,其投掷角展宽随时间增大,低频右旋电磁不稳定性增长率峰值,总的说来也逐渐增大,并向高频短波方向移动,与此相反,低频左旋电磁不稳定性增长率峰值,当投掷 角展宽等于０时,大于右旋不稳定性峰值,但随着投掷角展宽增加而迅速低于右 性增长率峰值,并向工波方向移动。     

大展弦比飞翼布局飞机新型操纵面设计

大展弦比飞翼布局飞机取消常规布局的安定面和操纵面,本体的 动态特性出现许多不足.介绍了在该新布局飞机上采用的升降副翼和开裂式方向舵等 新型操纵面的气动特点,并在计算空气动力学的基础上分析了其三轴控制效率.引进舵容量 的概念提出了操纵面的参数化设计方法,基于飞机的可控性对各新型操纵面的操纵效率需求 进行了评估,最终对某型飞机的操纵面初步设计进行了修正.研究结果为飞翼布局飞机的操 纵面设计提供了一套实用的方法.      

冷轧无间隙原子钢中的微带生成机理

分析了冷轧体心立方金属中微带的形成原因.基于塑性变形理论,运用Taylor模型和Bishop＆Hill最大功原理,计算了变形体心立方晶体中滑移系上的切应变分布.计算结果表明,冷轧时当晶粒的轧向平行于晶粒的某些特定取向时,大量的局部切应变将集中产生在一个滑移面上并在此形成微带.这一高度局域性的切应变是形成剪切带的原因.此时,剪切带与轧制方向之间夹角为30°.另外,微带呈片状是双交滑移的结果,透射电子显微镜观察到的剪切带所在晶粒的取向和所在滑移面证实了这一微带的形成机制.     

基于自由权矩阵的时变时延线性群系统编队控制

研究了基于自由权矩阵方法的时变时延线性群系统编队控制问题。首先,基于一致性理论,设计了具有时变时延的线性群系统编队控制协议。其次,通过变量代换,将时延条件下的线性群系统编队控制问题转化为时延系统的镇定问题。构造Lyapunov-Krasovskii函数,并利用自由权矩阵方法对时延系统的镇定问题进行分析,得到了保守性较小的线性矩阵不等式（LMI）判据,并求解出时延上界和编队控制器增益。最后,通过仿真实验,验证了方法的有效性。     

近地卫星严格回归轨道保持控制

研究了近地卫星基于严格回归参考轨道的轨道保持控制方法：将卫星编队理论引入单星绝对轨道保持控制,提出了"虚拟卫星编队"的概念,分析了卫星轨道相对于参考空间轨迹在轨道摄动情况下的偏离状态及变化趋势,然后根据卫星编队相对运动学,推导出了偏离状态与虚拟卫星编队构形参数之间的对应关系,并设计了以轨道参数超调、偏置及阈值触发为特征的管道保持控制策略。数值仿真结果表明,使用该控制策略能够将卫星轨道保持在以空间参考轨迹为中心的轨道管道内,并且有效减少了因周期性轨道摄动波动造成的管道保持控制量和控制频次。研究成果对于有空间轨迹回归要求的卫星轨道保持控制具有指导意义。     

Discrete time multiple spacecraft formation flying attitude optimal control in presence of relative state constraints

This paper addresses the challenge of synchronized multiple spacecraft attitude reorientation in presence of pointing and boundary constraints with limited inter-spacecraft communication link. Relative attitude pointing constraint among the fleet of spacecraft has also been modeled and considered during the attitude maneuvers toward the desired states. Formation fling control structure that consists of decentralized path planners based on virtual structure approach joint with discrete time optimal local controller is designed to achieve the mission’s goals. Due to digital computing of spacecraft’s onboard computer, local optimal controller based on discrete time prediction and correction algorithm has been utilized. The time step of local optimal algorithm execution is designed so that the spacecraft track their desired attitudes with appropriate error bound. The convergence of the proposed architecture and stability of local controller’s tracking error within appropriate upper bound are proved. Finally, a numerical simulation of a stereo imaging scenario is presented to verify the performance of the proposed architecture and the effectiveness of the algorithm.     

Accelerating NLTE radiative transfer by means of the Forth-and-Back Implicit Lambda Iteration: A two-level atom line formation in 2D Cartesian coordinates

State-of-the-art methods in multidimensional NLTE radiative transfer are based on the use of local approximate lambda operator within either Jacobi or Gauss–Seidel iterative schemes. Here we propose another approach to the solution of 2D NLTE RT problems, Forth-and-Back Implicit Lambda Iteration (FBILI), developed earlier for 1D geometry. In order to present the method and examine its convergence properties we use the well-known instance of the two-level atom line formation with complete frequency redistribution. In the formal solution of the RT equation we employ short characteristics with two-point algorithm. Using an implicit representation of the source function in the computation of the specific intensities, we compute and store the coefficients of the linear relations J=a+bS$J=a+\mathit{bS}$ between the mean intensity J and the corresponding source function S. The use of iteration factors in the ‘local’ coefficients of these implicit relations in two ‘inward’ sweeps of 2D grid, along with the update of the source function in other two ‘outward’ sweeps leads to four times faster solution than the Jacobi’s one. Moreover, the update made in all four consecutive sweeps of the grid leads to an acceleration by a factor of 6–7 compared to the Jacobi iterative scheme.