主起落架纵向抖振的动态特性研究

通过建立主起落架及各元件的力学计算模型,对其在纵向抖振过程中的动态特性进行了动力学仿真研究 ;给出了反映其动态特性的仿真曲线 ;讨论了主起落架支柱刚度等结构参数对主起落架纵向抖振的影响     

单晶高温合金持久性能各向异性分析

为阐述单晶高温合金持久性能各向异性规律,收集了Mar-M247、RR2000、DD6、PWA1484、CMSX-2、CMSX-4、Alloy454与SC7-14合金的持久寿命数据,调研文献探索其影响因素,总结了近〈001〉取向小角偏离对持久寿命的影响,研究晶体取向与持久寿命间的关系,定量分析了温度对持久性能各向异性的影响。结果显示: {111}〈112〉滑移系的“位错滑移”与“晶格转动”是中低温下(760~850 ℃)单晶合金持久性能各向异性的重要原因;偏角相同的条件下,靠近“［001］~［011］”边界的近〈001〉取向持久性能相对优异;不同牌号单晶合金持久性能各向异性规律不同,不存在恒定的“持久性能最优取向”;随着温度升高,晶体取向对持久性能影响减弱,针对DD6与CMSX-4合金,高温下(大于950 ℃)可用〈001〉热强综合参数曲线评估〈011〉与〈111〉取向的持久强度。      

用于转子系统的气膜密封阻尼结构稳态特性

针对航空发动机转子既转动又进动的运转情况,推导用于转子系统的带金属橡胶弹性外环的气膜密封阻尼结构(gas film seal damper,GFSD)雷诺方程.基于GFSD运动方程和位移协调关系,建立转子－气膜－金属橡胶三者之间的流固耦合关系,确定稳态压力场求解流程,并提出金属橡胶刚度的定量设计方法.采用有限差分法求解稳态压力场,研究GFSD工作参数和结构参数对稳态特性的影响,为GFSD结构参数设计提供参考,最后与直通式篦齿封严的泄漏量进行比较.结果表明:合理设计金属橡胶刚度能够使GFSD自适应地调节气膜间隙;在保证动压润滑的基础上,选取大长径比、小金属橡胶刚度和密封间隙能够使GFSD具有良好的稳态特性;GFSD的泄漏量远小于直通式篦齿封严,能够满足现代航空发动机中高进出口压比下的封严需要.      

Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Oxidation Resistance of Nb-22Ti-14Si-2Hf-2Al-xCr Alloys

Nb-22Ti-14Si-2Hf-2Al-xCr (x=2, 6, 10, 14, 17 at%) alloys are prepared by arc-melting under argon atmosphere. Microstructural characteristics, mechanical properties and oxidation resistance of the arc-melted alloys are investigated. At 2 at% Cr content, the microstructure is composed of Nbss, Nb3Si and a small quantity of Nb5Si3, when the Cr contents increase, Nb3Si disappears. For the high Cr content (x ≥ 10 at%) alloys, besides the Nbss and Nb5Si3, Cr2Nb is also detected. With the increase of Cr content, the volume fractions of Cr2Nb and Nb5Si3 increase, while that of Nbss increases firstly and then begins to degrade when the Cr content is higher than 6 at%. For the alloy with 2 at% Cr, the room temperature fracture toughness is about 14.5 MPa·m1/2, but badly decreases to about 8.5 MPa·m1/2, when the Cr contents increase. Vickers hardness of Nbss tends to increase linearly from about 400 to 500, while that of silicides is not sensitive to Cr contents, about 950. The appearance of Cr2Nb phase significantly improves the high temperature oxidation resistance of the alloys with high Cr contents. The isothermal oxidation tests show that the oxidation kinetics of the alloys with various Cr contents follows parabolic oxidation kinetics.     

Evaluation and utilization of CloudSat and CALIPSO data to analyze the impact of dust aerosol on the microphysical properties of cirrus over the Tibetan Plateau

The present study elucidates on the evaluation of two versions (V3 and V4.10) of vertical feature mask (VFM) and aerosol sub-types data derived from the Cloud-Aerosol LiDAR and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO), and its utilization to analyze the impact of dust aerosol on the microphysical properties of cirrus over the Tibetan Plateau (TP). In conjunction to the CALIPSO, we have also used the CloudSat data to study the same during the summer season for the years 2007–2010 over the study area 25–40°N and 75–100°E. Compared to V3 of CALIPSO, V4.10 was found to have undergone substantial changes in the code, algorithm, and data products. Intercomparison of both versions of data products in the selected grid between 30–31°N and 83–84°E within the study area during 2007–2017 revealed that the VFM and aerosol sub-types are in good agreement of ～95.27% and ～82.80%, respectively. Dusty cirrus is defined as the clouds mixed with dust aerosols or existing in dust aerosol conditions, while the pure cirrus is that in a dust-free environment. The obtained results illustrated that the various microphysical properties of cirrus, namely ice water content (IWC), ice water path (IWP), ice distribution width (IDW), ice effective radius (IER), and ice number concentration (INC) noticed a decrease of 17%, 18%, 4%, 19%, and 10%, respectively due to the existence of dust aerosol, consistent with the classical “Twomey effect” for liquid clouds. Moreover, the aerosol optical depth (AOD) showed moderate negative correlations between ?0.4 and ?0.6 with the microphysical characteristics of cirrus. As our future studies, in addition to the present work undertaken, we planned to gain knowledge and interested to explore the impact of a variety of aerosols apart from the dust aerosol on the microphysical properties of cirrus in different regions of China.     

磁力矩器用磁性材料力学性能研究

为确定用于磁力矩器的铁镍合金、铁钴合金和铁铝合金3种磁性材料的力学性能,对它们进行了力学拉伸试验,发现材料塑性不同会对试件断裂位置产生一定影响,主要表现为塑性材料在设计薄弱部位断裂,而脆性材料在夹持应力集中位置断裂。根据这一结果,对拉伸试验进行有限元模拟分析,计算结果表明导致断裂位置差异的原因主要是设计薄弱部位的长度以及试件夹持部位出现应力集中。依据有限元计算结果,对试件进行了改进设计并重新模拟计算,结果显示,改进后的3种合金材料试件在拉伸试验中其断裂部位均出现在设计薄弱部位。铁钴合金试件改进后的拉伸试验也充分验证了模拟计算的准确性。由此给出了3种材料合理的力学性能参数。     

热熔型聚酰亚胺薄膜的热封性能研究

针对现有商用聚酰亚胺（PI）薄膜无法采用热熔工艺进行粘接的问题,采用异构化二酐单体、2,3,3’,4’-二苯醚四酸二酐（a-ODPA）分别与7种芳香族二胺单体通过化学亚胺化工艺制备了PI薄膜（PI-1～PI-7）,系统研究了这些PI薄膜的结构与性能的关系。结果表明:a-ODPA的不对称结构赋予了PI薄膜良好的热塑性特征,使之可以采用热熔工艺进行粘接,薄膜间的热封强度最高可达660 N/m;此外,制备的PI薄膜还具有良好的耐热性能与力学性能,5%失重的温度超过500℃,玻璃化转变温度超过230℃,薄膜拉伸强度超过89 MPa。     

薄膜二次表面镜热控涂层的辐射物性分析

认识热控涂层的热辐射物性对航天器热控制设计具有重要指导作用。文章根据薄膜二次表面镜涂层的吸收与反射过程分析,建立模型方程,结合已有的太阳吸收比、红外发射率等表观数据,采用非线性参数最小二乘法获得了薄膜材料的吸收系数和反射率等辐射物性,并分析了厚度对热控涂层太阳吸收比和红外发射率的影响。研究结果表明,聚酰亚胺薄膜对太阳光的表面反射率为0.571,吸收系数为19.343 mm-1,对红外辐射的表面反射率为0.227,吸收系数为39.615mm-1;F46薄膜对太阳光的表面反射率为0.744,吸收系数为0.757mm-1,对红外辐射的表面反射率为0.111,吸收系数为9.240mm-1。     

超低温处理对T700碳纤维/环氧复合材料拉—压疲劳性能的影响

对T700碳纤维/环氧复合材料在超低温处理前后的拉—压疲劳性能进行了的研究。采用真空袋—热压罐成型工艺,制备了T700碳纤维/环氧复合材料单向板,在液氮中对试样进行超低温浸泡和超低温/室温循环处理,利用光学显微镜观测了试样在超低温处理过程中产生的微裂纹情况,并测试了超低温处理后试样的静强度和拉—压疲劳1000次、10000次及130000次后的剩余强度。对T700碳纤维/环氧复合材料超低温损伤机理进行了分析,并讨论了超低温处理和拉—压疲劳对复合材料剩余强度的影响。结果表明,超低温处理和拉—压疲劳处理都会使试样产生微裂纹,并引起试样内的残余应力释放和试样的剩余强度降低;经历不同的超低温处理之后,试样的剩余强度达到最高值时所对应的拉—压疲劳次数不同;随着超低温处理和拉—压疲劳的作用,试样的剩余强度会经历先升高—再降低的过程。     

电推进系统Xe物理特性计算方法

空间电推进系统的工质为Xe,其工作温度范围为-30～45 ℃,该范围覆盖Xe的临界点。在临界点附近,Xe可能呈现出多种形态,且对温度和压力变化十分敏感,采用传统状态方程在上述范围内计算其物理参数偏差最大可达30%。为解决这一问题,以CH₄作为参考流体,建立了一种基于对比态原理的Xe物理特性计算方法。该方法能够对包括气相、液相、超临界区域的所有状态Xe物理性质进行准确计算。试验研究与国外数据对比的结果表明,在整个压力-温度范围内,计算误差小于0.5%。