卫星遥感影像外方位元素的误差传播研究

高分辨率卫星遥感影像的几何定位精度与影像外方位元素精度密切相关.文章针对单景影像直接对地定位和立体影像前方交会定位两种典型情况,对影像各外方位元素在目标几何定位中的误差传播规律进行分析比较,相关结论可供卫星姿控及相机载荷设计方参考.     

基于空时DFT投影实现宽带信号二维角估计

 提出了一种基于空时DFT投影的宽带信号二维角估计算法. 该方法采用3个共面的均匀线阵,每一均匀线阵对宽带信号空间采样,然后进行空时二维DFT变换,在空时频率域对宽带信号进行投影变换,用MUSIC算法实现宽带来波信号方向余弦的估计. 利用3个方向余弦估值进行配对,然后求得来波的方位角和仰角估计. 该方法既保留了投影算法的优点,即不需要源的先验知识;不需变换矩阵和在低信噪比有好的性能,又避免二维谱峰搜索.仿真实验表明了算法是有效的.     

星图匹配制导中的关键技术

为了提高新一代弹道导弹的快速、机动反击能力和射击精度，采用星光，惯性组合制导足最佳的选择。本论文给出了基于双星敏感器的、星图匹配制导系统的关键技术。提出了根据弹道设计导航星表．极大地简化了弹载星表；提出了一种适用于星光制导的凸多边形箅法，合理地减少了匹配的星对角距数目。这两项技术保证了星图匹配制导技术的实用性。提出了一种分离初始定位、定向误差及平台漂移误差方法。采用凸多边形的星图识别算法可同时获得多颗星的瞬时位置，结合恒星在像平面的位置可解算导弹在赤道惯性系和发射点惯性系的三轴姿态，最后，给出了导弹初始定位、定向误差的数学表达式。仿真结果表明了该方法的有效性。     

Keeping Ma’at: An astronomical approach to the orientation of the temples in ancient Egypt

For various reasons, Archaeoastronomy has not been one of the favourite disciplines of the Egyptologists in the past. Probably because of that, important questions such as the orientation of Egyptian temples and the relevance of astronomy in this respect had never been afforded with the necessary seriousness and deepness. The Egyptian–Spanish Mission for the Archaeoastronomy of ancient Egypt has, among its various priorities, the solution of this problem. In order to achieve that, we have measured the orientation of some 330 temples in the Valley, the Delta, the Oases and the Sinai so far. The aim is to find a correct and almost definitive answer to the question of whether the ancient Egyptian sacred constructions were astronomically aligned or not. Our data seem to answer this question in the affirmative sense. Besides, they offer a very interesting new perspective in the field of landscape archaeology, a new discipline hardly worked in Egypt so far, in which terrestrial landscape, dominated by the Nile, and celestial landscape, dominated by the sun and the stars, would combine in order to permit the establishment of Ma’at, the Cosmic Order, on Earth.     

Microstructure,thermophysical property and ablation behavior of high thermal conductivity carbon/carbon composites after heat-treatment

Uni-directional carbon/carbon composites with high thermal conductivity are suitable to supply continuous thermal protection for future reentry vehicles since they could reduce surface temperature and ablation rates simultaneously in harsh environments. In this work, the high thermal conductivity carbon/carbon composites were prepared by chemical vapor infiltration. After heat-treatment, both their open porosity and internal friction increase due to the fiber/matrix thermal expansion mismatch; while their thermal conductive performance become better due to more complete carbon structure. With raising heat-treatment temperature from 1800 °C to 2450 °C, the mass and linear ablation rates of C/C composites with fibers vertical to the oxyacetylene torch for 60 s decrease from 0.66 mg/s and 2.95 μm/s to 0.51 mg/s and 2.05 μm/s respectively. The improved ablation resistance is resulted from the increased thermal conductivity from 282 to 508 W/(m·K) and more carbon fibers exposed to the flame during ablation, which have better oxidation resistance than those of carbon matrix. While such ablation rates become larger for composites with fibers parallel to the flame, from 1.02 mg/s and 3.73 μm/s to 1.28 mg/s and 5.01 μm/s respectively since the ablation occurred more easily through gaps at the fiber/matrix interfaces, which become larger and are always exposed to the flame for this case.     

Crystal orientation and morphology of α lamellae in wrought titanium alloys: On the role of microstructure evolution in β processing

To obtain high-quality aviation forgings of titanium alloys, β forging is an essential processing step which must be considered throughout a production process. In this work, the effect of β forging on the crystal orientation and morphology of lamellar α was experimentally investigated in a two-phase titanium alloy. Strong dynamic recovery during β working resulted in the formation of low-angle grain boundary (LAGB_β) inside β grains. The lamellar α can penetrate through the LAGB_β, leading to similar intra α LAGBs on subgrain boundaries. Deformation banding occurs at high strain rates, and both diffusive and sharp boundaries of deformation bands can be observed. A continuous change of the β orientation in diffusive boundaries results in the formation of fine and disordered α lamellae without intra-lamellar boundary to hold the Burgers orientation relationship (OR). On sharp boundaries, it is prone to producing continuous grain boundary α (α_GB) with a highly similar orientation along the boundaries. Meanwhile, there may exist several lower-angle boundaries within the grain boundary α for a smoother orientation change on the β grain boundary.     

Localization,Exploration, and Navigation Based on Qualitative Angle Information

Abstract

Three of the major problems in building autonomous mobile robots are localization, exploration, and navigation. This paper investigates how well different qualitative methods based on angle information, most of them originally invented for representation of spatial knowledge, are suited for addressing these problems. It combines results from discrete and computational geometry with methods from qualitative spatial reasoning, gaining some new insights on the complexity of robot navigation. It turns out that essentially only with panoramas (special roundviews) the qualitative localization problem can be solved in a satisfactory manner. The exploration problem (qualitative map building), remains difficult for all considered approaches.     

闭合等角转位法的测量精确度

闭合等角转位法广泛地应用于传感器旋转式圆度测量仪、工作台旋转式圆度测量仪或精密轴系的径向、轴向及其综合误差的测量。对闭合等角转位法的测量精确度做了详细的理论分析和实验验证,并提出了正确确定其采样点数的方法。     

变目标方位角导引法

研究一种用于近程弹道式地－地弹的导引法，它是借用空－空弹常值目标方位角导引法的概念，把它改变成按弹道设计需要而变化的目标方位角导引法，去攻击地面固定目标，它有减小气动阻力，提高命中相对精度的优点，称它为变目标方位角导引法。     

镍基单晶高温合金DD6气膜孔热机械疲劳试验

涡轮冷却叶片气膜孔边存在大应力梯度,且服役时承受交变的机械载荷和热载荷,热机械疲劳（TMF）是其主要失效模式。通过开展带气膜孔和不带气膜孔的薄壁圆管试件TMF试验研究了气膜孔对镍基单晶高温合金TMF寿命的影响。结果表明最大循环应力在300~500 MPa应力范围内,循环应力幅值与镍基单晶高温合金TMF寿命呈现良好的对数线性关系,且气膜孔导致镍基单晶高温合金TMF寿命下降可达82.5%。继而完成了横向取向分别为〈010〉、〈110〉方向的气膜孔模拟件试验,结果表明气膜孔取向为〈110〉时寿命最短,仅为〈010〉取向的40.0%。最后开展了不同制孔工艺下的气膜孔模拟件试验,结果表明激光制孔气膜孔模拟试件寿命仅为电液束制孔气膜孔模拟试件的54.0%。气膜孔模拟件断口分析表明:TMF裂纹均萌生于气膜孔边,源区氧化严重;裂纹沿着大致与气膜孔边垂直的方向扩展。