磁控等离子体对收敛喷管性能的影响

采用诱导磁场方程,Mixture混合两相流和磁场修正的湍流两方程模型,研究施加不同强度磁场时,收敛喷管内等离子体的流动和传热特性以及等离子体对尾喷流的包裹情况.结果表明,随着气流在收敛喷管内加速,等离子体被掺混的程度增加.增强磁场可提高近壁面处等离子体体积分数,抑制其湍流度,降低高温气体向喷管壁面的传热.当B_y=1.3T时,磁控等离子体可降低54.4%的壁面温升,增加0.74%的喷管推力系数,在出口4倍当量直径处对尾气仍有一定的包裹.      

带单排气膜孔的叶片前缘气膜冷却换热实验

针对叶片前缘结构的特点,建立了前缘气膜冷却实验台,实验模型由半圆柱面和两个平板组成,在距离滞止线2倍孔间距位置布置了1排气膜孔。详细地测量了主流湍流度,二次流与主流密度比以及动量比对前缘径向平均换热系数和换热系数比的影响。二次流与主流密度比为1和1.5。动量比变化范围为0.5~4。主流在前缘位置的湍流度分别为0.4%和8%。结果表明,随着动量比的增加,径向平均换热系数增加。无二次流时,湍流度的增加使换热显著增强,有二次流时,湍流度增加使换热增强的幅度较小。密度比对径向平均换热系数的影响非常小。随着孔间距的增加,径向平均换热系数略有减小。径向角对径向平均换热系数的影响较小。在高湍流度下,前缘位置的径向平均换热系数比沿着流动方向是逐渐降低的。在低湍流度下,前缘位置的径向平均换热系数比在x/d=4.5的位置出现了一个峰值。     

过氧化氢溶液表面沸腾换热研究

运用传热传质理论对过氧化氢溶液受热分解的表面沸腾换热过程进行分析,提出了换热系数的基本关系式.在5%～30%质量分数范围内的实验数据表明:表面换热系数随着热流密度、主体温度及溶液质量分数上升而增大;壁面温差存在极限值,其随着热流密度、质量分数和主体温度的上升而下降.      

Alice: The rosetta Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph

We describe the design, performance and scientific objectives of the NASA-funded ALICE instrument aboard the ESA Rosetta asteroid flyby/comet rendezvous mission. ALICE is a lightweight, low-power, and low-cost imaging spectrograph optimized for cometary far-ultraviolet (FUV) spectroscopy. It will be the first UV spectrograph to study a comet at close range. It is designed to obtain spatially-resolved spectra of Rosetta mission targets in the 700–2050 Å spectral band with a spectral resolution between 8 Å and 12 Å for extended sources that fill its ～0.05^ × 6.0^ field-of-view. ALICE employs an off-axis telescope feeding a 0.15-m normal incidence Rowland circle spectrograph with a toroidal concave holographic reflection grating. The microchannel plate detector utilizes dual solar-blind opaque photocathodes (KBr and CsI) and employs a two-dimensional delay-line readout array. The instrument is controlled by an internal microprocessor. During the prime Rosetta mission, ALICE will characterize comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko's coma, its nucleus, and nucleus/coma coupling; during cruise to the comet, ALICE will make observations of the mission's two asteroid flyby targets and of Mars, its moons, and of Earth's moon. ALICE has already successfully completed the in-flight commissioning phase and is operating well in flight. It has been characterized in flight with stellar flux calibrations, observations of the Moon during the first Earth fly-by, and observations of comet C/2002 T7 (LINEAR) in 2004 and comet 9P/Tempel 1 during the 2005 Deep Impact comet-collision observing campaign.     

高空台加温试验进气管网传热过程的计算分析

分析了高空台加温试验时管网内部流动的动态换热特性,建立了管内气体和管壁的联合换热方程,在与试验数据对比的基础上提出了数学模型的修正方法,对试验中管网出口温升过程进行了计算,取得了较好效果。计算结果分析表明:局部热损失在管网散热过程中的比重较大,为缩短试验准备时间,应对混和器出口温度进行分段控制。     

相变调温服相变传热研究(英文)

为了研究相变调温服的热防护性能,介绍了人体热调节模型,利用焓法建立了相变传热数学模型。在整个区域建立统一的能量方程,采用控制容积有限差分法对方程进行隐式离散,用追赶法求解方程组得到各节点的焓值,求出相变材料内表面的温度。通过相变调温服人体热调节模型,计算出人体的动态温度分布及出汗量。计算结果表明,核心温度的变化与试验结果相符,出汗量相差不大,所建相变传热模型合理可靠。通过比较人体穿着相变调温服和未穿该服装时的动态温度分布及出汗量,可以看到穿着相变调温服能显著地减轻人体的热负荷。     

脉动作用下波壁管内非牛顿流体流动特性的研究

在热量和质量传递过程中,流体的流动状态对整个传递过程有着重要的影响,为此,通过实验方法对以聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）溶液为代表的非牛顿流体在波壁管内的流动特性进行压力差和可视化研究。研究发现,PAM溶液存在一个最佳减阻浓度,在该浓度下与牛顿流体相比PAM溶液的转捩点明显提前。此外在脉动流场下,在一个脉动周期内,波壁管内流体存在明显的稳定流动和不稳定流动两种结构;相同净雷诺数条件下,脉动流场下波壁管内流体的流动混合情况比定常流动状态下强烈很多,意味着脉动流场具有更加优越的质量传递特性。     

相变材料微胶囊表面吸附纳米颗粒对传热过程的影响

通过对相变材料微胶囊、纳米颗粒和基液之间传热过程的仿真计算,分析了纳米颗粒的数目、粒径和热导率对微胶囊与流体之间传热Nu的影响.进而采用数值方法研究了吸附纳米颗粒后,微胶囊-流体传热系数的提高对相变过程的影响,研究结果为纳米颗粒的强化传热机制提供了部分理论依据.      

Development and calibration of heat transfer coefficient sensor for rotational state

A novel heat transfer coefficient sensor is introduced and the design, manufacture,and calibration are described.The intended application of this instrument was on a high rotational speed test disc. In the experiments,the heat transfer coefficient sensor was calibrated under static state and rotational state respectively. The calibration under the static state was accomplished in a pipe: the inside diameter (ID) was 0.048m and the total length was 4m, the distance between the sensor and the inlet of the pipe was 3.5m; the standard value was measured using a self-made calibrator. The calibration under the rotational state was accomplished using a rotating disc: the diameter and thickness of the stainless disc were 800mm and 25mm, respectively;the sensor was installed at the location of r =250mm; the rotating disc driven by a 30kW direct current motor can supply the maximum rotational speed of 3000r/min. The standard value under rotational state was provided by an approximate empirical formula. The results show that the designed sensor can measure heat transfer coefficient directly under rotational state and static state with good accuracy and stability; the correlation factor of K are constant under static state and rotational state.      

超临界压力下航空煤油圆管流动和传热的数值研究

对超临界压力下大庆RP-3航空煤油在小管道内的流动、传热过程进行了数值研究。湍流模拟采用了RNG k-ε两方程模型和Wolfstein一方程模型结合的两层模型;同时,采用煤油的10组分替代模型以及NIST Super-trapp程序库对大庆3号航空煤油的热物理和输运特性进行了确定。圆管传热的计算条件为:入口压力4 MPa,入口温度300 K,质量流量范围:0.06～0.12 kg/s,壁面热流密度范围:300～700 kW/m2。计算结果显示,煤油的流动和传热特性比水、二氧化碳等简单化合物复杂得多。在超临界压力下,煤油的吸热升温导致其热物理特性以及流动特性均发生剧烈变化,其中,雷诺数沿管道方向上升了至少一个量级,而普朗特数下降了一个量级。在加热开始段,煤油的对流传热系数迅速上升;当壁面温度超过其拟临界温度后,对流传热系数略有所回落;随着煤油温度的进一步上升,传热系数又得到明显增强。计算表明,煤油对流换热特性的变化与煤油复杂的高温热物理特性以及湍流流动在近壁区的增强和抑止有关。