中低轨道卫星多星测控存在的问题及其改进措施

在分析了中低轨道卫星的测控特点与难点的基础上，讨论了地面S频段测控网多星测控存在的问题，并提出了采用高效动态的测控资源调度方法、建立完善的服务等级体系、完善远程监控体系、简化USB测控站面向任务的实时处理过程、增配多星同时测控的S频段测控设备、充分利用USB活动站、租用(或建设)高纬度测控站等改进措施，以提高多星测控能力，适应“在轨卫星数量多、卫星相继过境时间间隔短、多星同时过境”的多星测控需求。     

国外低轨道卫星综述

由于地球低轨道更利于收集情报信息 ,大多被军事侦察卫星所占有。随着太空军事化趋势的日益增强 ,了解和认识当前的低轨道卫星较为必要。介绍了典型低轨道卫星的军事作用和运作机理 ,并给出了当前在轨低轨道卫星的技术参数。最后分析了其发展趋势     

卫星有效载荷的规划与调度

卫星有效载荷的规划与调度要求是指卫星根据自身资源情况合理安排各个载荷的工作状态，在满足各种资源约束的条件下实现资源的优化配置。有效载荷的规划与调度可以归结为典型的资源受限的规划与调度问题。本文以对地观测卫星的有效载荷系统为例，分析了卫星的资源特点和载荷的工作特性，在此基础上提出了一种有效载荷规划与调度的方法。仿真实例表明了算法的可行性。     

对地观测卫星调度的混合整数规划模型及求解

首先简要介绍对地观测卫星的成像过程,详细分析多星调度过程中涉及的各种约束。在此基础上,将对地观测卫星调度问题看作一类具有时间窗口的并行机器调度问题,对其进行了数学描述,并建立对地观测卫星调度的混合整数规划模型。采用列生成法,将多卫星调度问题分解为集合分割主问题和单卫星调度子问题,通过循环迭代来求解调度模型。最后,针对本文提出的算法设计一个问题实例,并给出算法计算结果。结果分析表明,列生成法的效率与问题规模大小相关。     

月球探测器与地球轨道卫星测控通信干扰分析

对月球探测器的测控通信,通信距离遥远,信号空间损耗大,地面站接收机灵敏度高,因此更易受到外来信号干扰的影响。本文根据卫星网络间同频干扰计算方法,分析月球探测器测控通信下行链路受地球轨道卫星发射信号的干扰问题,主要包括月球探测器受地球静止轨道卫星（GEO）和地球非静止轨道卫星（NGSO）的干扰分析。在此基础上实现了仿真,计算其受干扰的可能性。     

高效MF-TDMA系统时隙分配策略

由于具有高效性和灵活性,多频时分多址接入(MF-TDMA)技术被广泛应用于现代宽带通信卫星系统的上行链路设计中。时隙分配算法的有效性是高效利用MF-TDMA系统资源的保证。在MF-TDMA系统中,时隙资源分配问题可以分为两步：载波信道选择和信道内的时隙分配。对于第1步,RCP-fit等算法提供了良好的用户载波信道预约策略。本文主要针对时隙分配过程的第2步展开讨论,针对载波内的时隙管理问题提出了一种基于倒序时隙编号时隙资源树的时隙组织方式,从时隙编号的角度解决了时隙时间均分问题。并采用伙伴递归调整算法作为载波内时隙优化定位方法,有效减低时隙碎片对系统资源利用率的负面影响。最后通过仿真,验证了该时隙管理算法的高效性。     

高通量多波束通信卫星系统资源分配方法

资源分配是影响新一代高通量多波束通信卫星(HTMCS)系统效能发挥的关键问题.以往基于非柔性载荷以及用户容量需求均匀分布的静态、单维度资源分配方法已不能满足现实需求.围绕基于有效载荷资源提升系统效能这一核心目标,针对波束间干扰、柔性载荷以及用户需求非均匀分布特点,为高通量多波束通信卫星系统构建了功率和频带两维度联合优化...     

Comparative analysis of global optical observability of satellites in LEO

With a growing number of resident space objects (RSOs), the facilities for near-Earth space surveillance have to cope with increasing workload. It also applies to low-cost small optical surveillance facilities which may present regional, national and global networks. Improved methods of planning and scheduling optical telescopes are required to use these instruments efficiently. Today, optical observations are only feasible if the following quite stringent requirements are met: the object should be illuminated by sunlight, and it should be above while the Sun is below the observer’s horizon. For different orbits, these preconditions result in varying degrees of the space object observability at various ground-based sites. Certainly, satellites in low Earth orbit (LEO) are particularly difficult to observe. This study aims at developing a new technique for assessing observability of a satellite in different types of orbits – namely, low, medium and high Earth orbits, imaging of the opportunity for its visibility in respective diagrams and their analysing for the existing near-Earth population of RSOs. Unlike other researches, wherein one or several observational stations have been chosen as target sites for in-depth analyses of visibility of all the satellites or just the selected ones, the present study focuses on examining the probability of optical surveillance of satellites in a certain orbit from any locations worldwide. It offers considerable scope for automation of surveillance planning and scheduling optical surveillance networks.     

Simulation of the land surface temperature from moon-based Earth observations

The land surface temperature (LST) is a key parameter for the Earth’s energy balance. As a natural satellite of the Earth, the orbital of the moon differs from that of current Earth observation satellites. It is a new way to measure the land surface temperature from the moon and has many advantages compared with artificial satellites. In this paper, we present a new method for simulating the LST measured by moon-based Earth observations. Firstly, a modified land-surface diurnal temperature cycle (DTC) method is applied to obtain the global LST at the same coordinated universal time (UTC) using the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) LST products. The lunar elevation angles calculated using the ephemeris data (DE405) from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) were then applied to simulate the Earth coverage observed from the moon. At the same time, the modified DTC model was validated using in situ data, MODIS LST products, and the FengYun-2F (FY-2F) LST, respectively. The results show that the fitting accuracy (root-mean-square error, RMSE) of the modified DTC model is not greater than 0.72?°C for eight in situ stations with different land cover types, and the maximum fitting RMSE of the modified model is smaller than that of current DTC models. By the comparison of the simulated LST with MODIS and FY-2F LST products, the errors of the results were feasible and accredited, and the simulated global LST has a reasonable spatiotemporal distribution and change trend. The simulated LST data can therefore be used as base datasets to simulate the thermal infrared imagery from moon-based Earth observations in future research.     

Low-energy near Earth asteroid capture using Earth flybys and aerobraking

Since the Sun-Earth libration points L₁ and L₂ are regarded as ideal locations for space science missions and candidate gateways for future crewed interplanetary missions, capturing near-Earth asteroids (NEAs) around the Sun-Earth L₁/L₂ points has generated significant interest. Therefore, this paper proposes the concept of coupling together a flyby of the Earth and then capturing small NEAs onto Sun–Earth L₁/L₂ periodic orbits. In this capture strategy, the Sun-Earth circular restricted three-body problem (CRTBP) is used to calculate target Lypaunov orbits and their invariant manifolds. A periapsis map is then employed to determine the required perigee of the Earth flyby. Moreover, depending on the perigee distance of the flyby, Earth flybys with and without aerobraking are investigated to design a transfer trajectory capturing a small NEA from its initial orbit to the stable manifolds associated with Sun-Earth L₁/L₂ periodic orbits. Finally, a global optimization is carried out, based on a detailed design procedure for NEA capture using an Earth flyby. Results show that the NEA capture strategies using an Earth flyby with and without aerobraking both have the potential to be of lower cost in terms of energy requirements than a direct NEA capture strategy without the Earth flyby. Moreover, NEA capture with an Earth flyby also has the potential for a shorter flight time compared to the NEA capture strategy without the Earth flyby.