2012–2014 China's Earth Observation and Earth Science Development

Human beings are now facing global and regional sustainable development challenges.In China, Earth observation data play a fundamental role in Earth system science research. The support given by Earth observation data is required by many studies, including those on Earth's limited natural resources, the rapid development of economic and social needs, global change, extreme events, food security, water resources, sustainable economic and urban development, and emergency response. Application operation systems in many ministries and departments in China have entered a stage of sustainable development, and the State Key Project of High-Resolution Earth Observation Systems has been progressing since 2006. Earth observation technology in China has entered a period of rapid development.     

The ionosphere and the Latin America VLF Network Mexico (LAVNet-Mex) station

In order to detect and study the ionospheric response to solar flares (transient high energy solar radiation), we have constructed a radio receiver station at Mexico City, which is part of the “Latin American Very low frequency Network” (LAVNet-Mex). This station extends to the northern hemisphere the so called “South American VLF Network”.     

A priori zenith wet delays in the analysis of VLBI CONT sessions

Tropospheric delay is one of the major sources of error in VLBI (Very Long Baseline Interferometry) analysis. The principal component of this error can be accurately computed through reliable surface pressure data —hydrostatic delay— yet there is also a small but volatile component —wet delay— which is difficult to be modelled a priori. In VLBI analysis, troposphere delay is typically modelled in the theoretical delays using Zenith Hydrostatic Delays (ZHD) and a dry mapping function. Zenith Wet Delay (ZWD) is not modelled but estimated in the analysis process. This work studies inter alia the impact of including external GNSS estimates to model a priori ZWD in VLBI analysis, as well as other models of a priori ZWD.In a first stage, two different sources of GNSS troposphere products are compared to VLBI troposphere estimates in a period of 5 years. The solution with the best agreement to VLBI results is injected in the VLBI analysis as a priori ZWD value and is compared to other options to model a priori ZWD. The dataset used for this empirical analysis consists of the six CONT campaigns.It has been found that modelling a priori ZWD has no significant impact either on baseline length and coordinates repeatabilities. Nevertheless, modelling a priori ZWD can change the magnitude of the estimated coordinates a few millimeters in the up component with respect to the non-modelling approach. In addition, the influence of a priori ZWD on Earth Orientation Parameters (EOP) and troposphere estimates —Zenith Total Delays (ZTD) and gradients—has also been analysed, resulting in a small but significant impact on both geodetic products.     

单人制机组资源管理(SRM)的训练

针对SRM的背景和基本概念进行了分析和介绍,探讨了飞行员初始飞行训练中SRM的组成、训练方法和评估要点,为飞行员培养中SRM能力的训练和应用奠定了基础。     

空域资源优化配置及调整策略研究

近年来,不断增长的空中交通需求以及有限的空域资源之间的矛盾日益突出,尤其是在飞行量密集的多机场地区。在研究如空域灵活使用等国外空域管理方面的经典理论,以及已在实践应用层面取得的成果和经验的基础上,结合中国空域自身的条件及特点,从低空空域资源、军民航协调机制、多机场地区空域资源统筹三个方面作为切入点,提出了相应的空域资源配置及调整的构想,并详细阐述了实施的方法,得出了采用更科学优化和共享模式的空域资源使用方式才是解决中国空域紧缺的有效手段。     

农村人力资本流动与农用土地制度改革

新中国成立以后我国农地制度经历了曲折的变迁，对我国农业劳动力转移、土地资源可持续利用和农村可持续发展产生了巨大而深远的影响。现行的以家庭承包责任制为核心的土地制度取得的成就有目共睹，但土地平均分配的方式使农业劳动生产率偏低，农地的社会保障功能和农地流转机制的不健全又影响了农业的规模经营，因此必须建立起一套既符合我国国情，又能促进农业劳动力转移的新型农地制度。     

卫星对地观测技术在防灾救灾中的作用研究

充分利用各种对地观测技术,从信息化的角度支持防灾救灾行动,已被列入政府的重要工作内容。总结前一阶段的经验,从灾前、灾期、灾后的全过程系统地考虑如何充分发挥卫星对地观测技术的防灾救灾作用,是一个值得研究的问题。文章从防灾预案、灾期救援和灾后重建三个方面研究了卫星对地观测技术在防灾救灾全过程中发挥作用的技术途径。     

Estimation of Galactic Cosmic Ray exposure inside and outside the Earth’s magnetosphere during the recent solar minimum between solar cycles 23 and 24

The evidently low solar activity observed between solar cycles 23 and 24 during the years 2008–2010 led to a substantial increase in the Galactic Cosmic Ray (GCR) intensity in comparison with preceding solar minima. As the GCRs consist of highly-ionizing charged particles having the potential to cause biological damage, they are a subject of concern for manned missions to space. With the enhanced particle fluxes observed between 2008 and 2010, it is reasonable to assume that the radiation exposure from GCR must have also increased to unusually high levels. In this paper, the GCR exposure outside and inside the Earth’s magnetosphere is numerically calculated for time periods starting from 1970 to the end of 2011 in order to investigate the increase in dose levels during the years 2008–2010 in comparison with the last three solar minima. The dose rates were calculated in a water sphere, used as a surrogate for the human body, either unshielded or surrounded by aluminium shielding of 0.3, 10 or 40 g/cm².     

计量保障资源参数评定

从计量保障效能评估的需求出发，探讨计量保障资源参数，并对其进行了分类定义。提出的计量保障资源参数评定的指标体系，是基于对计量保障工作经验的总结。     

人尽其才才尽其用--论人才资源的优化配置

人才资源已成为第一资源，本文分析了人才资源的特征，指出了人才资源优化配置的必要性，并就如何实现人才资源的优化配置提出一定的见解。