质子辐照聚酰亚胺薄膜的力学性能退化机理

利用自制的Φ800 mm空间综合辐照试验设备和X射线光电子能谱等分析手段对质子辐照聚酰亚胺薄膜的力学性能退化及机理进行了研究。研究发现:薄膜的断裂伸长率和拉伸强度随质子辐照注量的增加而呈指数减小,弹性模量基本不变;质子辐照后聚酰亚胺薄膜仍具有较好的热稳定性,但其在紫外可见光波段透射率降低,透射光谱发生红移;分子键的断裂和交联是质子辐照聚酰亚胺薄膜力学性能降低的主要原因。     

UVCS/SOHO Observations of H I Lyman Alpha Line Profiles in Coronal Holes at Heliocentric Heights Above 3.0 R⊙

The Ultraviolet Coronagraph Spectrometer (UVCS) on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) has been used to measure spectral line profiles for H I Lyα in the south polar coronal hole at projected heliocentric heights from 3.5 to 6.0 R_⊙ during 1998 January 5–11. Observations from 1.5 to 2.5 R_⊙ were made for comparison. The H I Lyα profile is the only one observable with UVCS above 3.5 R_⊙ in coronal holes. Within this region the outflowing coronal plasma becomes nearly collisionless and the ionization balance is believed to become frozen. In this paper, the 1/e half widths of the coronal velocity distributions are provided for the observed heights. The velocity distributions include all motions contributing to the velocities along the line of sight (LOS). The observations have been corrected for instrumental effects and interplanetary H I Lyα. The half widths were found to increase with projected heliographic height from 1.5 to 2.5 R_⊙ and decrease with height from 3.5 to 5 R_⊙. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Viability of barley seeds after long-term exposure to outer side of international space station

Barley seeds were exposed to outer space for 13 months in a vented metal container without a climate control system to assess the risk of physiological and genetic mutation during long-term storage in space. The space-stored seeds (S0 generation), with an 82% germination rate in 50 seeds, lost about 20% of their weight after the exposure. The germinated seeds showed normal growth, heading, and ripening. The harvested seeds (S1 generation) also germinated and reproduced (S2 generation) as did the ground-stored seeds. The culm length, ear length, number of seed, grain weight, and fertility of the plants from the space-stored seeds were not significantly different from those of the ground-stored seeds in each of the S0 and S1 generation. Furthermore, the S1 and S2 space-stored seeds respectively showed similar β-glucan content to those of the ground-stored seeds. Amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis with 16 primer combinations showed no specific fragment that appears or disappears significantly in the DNA isolated from the barley grown from the space-stored seeds. Though these data are derived from nine S0 space-stored seeds in a single exposure experiment, the results demonstrate the preservation of barley seeds in outer space for 13 months without phenotypic or genotypic changes and with healthy and vigorous growth in space.     

A space radiation shielding model of the Martian radiation environment experiment (MARIE)

The 2001 Mars Odyssey spacecraft was launched towards Mars on April 7, 2001. Onboard the spacecraft is the Martian radiation environment experiment (MARIE), which is designed to measure the background radiation environment due to galactic cosmic rays (GCR) and solar protons in the 20–500 MeV/n energy range. We present an approach for developing a space radiation-shielding model of the spacecraft that includes the MARIE instrument in the current mapping phase orientation. A discussion is presented describing the development and methodology used to construct the shielding model. For a given GCR model environment, using the current MARIE shielding model and the high-energy particle transport codes, dose rate values are compared with MARIE measurements during the early mapping phase in Mars orbit. The results show good agreement between the model calculations and the MARIE measurements as presented for the March 2002 dataset.     

SAR天线功率方向图误差补偿的新方法

首先提出了一种经济而有效的仅改变激励相位的新方法来补偿ＳＡＲ天线功率方向图误差；其次讨论了ＳＡＲ天线在温度载荷作用下的特定的“缓慢变化”的系统变形；然后给出了一些算例以验证方法的有效性；最后给出了一些重要结论。     

低太阳吸收率加成型有机硅热控涂层的研制

为了制备低αs/εh值热控涂层，必须选择合适的粘料。系统研究了组成对加成型热控涂层性能的影响，探讨了颜料与粘粒配比、含氢硅油种类、乙烯基硅橡胶种类、Si－H与CH＝CH配比、涂布方式等对热控涂层太阳吸收率（αs）、红外辐射率（εh）及αs/εh影响规律。     

高层大气臭氧对于太阳紫外辐射27天波动的响应

本文利用Ｓｏｌａｒ Ｍｅｓｏｓｐｈｅｒｅ Ｅｘｐｌｏｒｅｒ（ＳＭＥ）卫星１９８２年和１９８３年太阳紫外辐射和赤道地区５０－９０ｋｍ臭氧分布的红外观测资料，对臭氧地太阳紫外辐射２７天振荡的响应进行了研究，并且利用大气光化波动模式对其进行了理论计算，计算结果与实测结果基本一致。     

Heavy ion observations by MARIE in cruise phase and Mars orbit

The charged particle spectrum for nuclei from protons to neon, (charge Z=10) was observed during the cruise phase and orbit around Mars by the MARIE charged particle spectrometer on the Odyssey spacecraft. The cruise data were taken between April 23, 2001 and mid-August 2001. The Mars orbit data were taken March 5, 2002 through May 2002 and are scheduled to continue until August 2004. Charge peaks are clearly separated for charges up to Z=10. Especially prominent are the carbon and oxygen peaks, with boron and nitrogen also clearly visible. Although heavy ions are much less abundant than protons in the cosmic ray environment, it is important to determine their abundances because their ionization energy losses (proportional to Z²) are far more dangerous to humans and to instruments. Thus the higher charged nuclei make a significant contribution to dose and dose equivalent received in space. Results of the charged particle spectrum measurements will be reported.     

质子单粒子效应引发卫星典型轨道下SRAM在轨错误率分析

利用中国原子能科学研究院100 Me V质子回旋加速器(CY CIAE-100)的单粒子效应辐照装置,测量了典型静态随机存储器(SRAM)的质子单粒子翻转截面;利用Space Radiation 7.0软件计算了卫星搭载该器件在典型轨道条件下运行的在轨错误率;同时研究了航天器在不同轨道高度、轨道倾角和屏蔽条件下对质子单粒子效应引发的在轨错误率的影响。计算结果表明:航天器运行于地球同步轨道高度及以下时,质子单粒子效应引发的在轨错误率均高于重离子的,最高可相差3个数量级左右。     

超声速混合层中边频扰动的气动声场

为研究超声速流动下混合层声辐射机理,提高对超声速混合层气动噪声的认识,利用抛物化稳定性方程(PSE)考察一对频率接近失稳扰动的非线性演化,分析近场差频扰动的演化特征,并结合Wu积分理论计算远场声辐射特性。结果表明,超声速混合层中频谱拓宽与差频扰动有关,差频扰动的产生,拓宽了远场马赫波辐射范围,增大了远场马赫波辐射强度。对于快模态扰动,差频扰动频率越小,其增长能力越强,远场马赫波辐射区域越宽;对于慢模态扰动,差频扰动频率大小对其增长能力影响不明显,远场马赫波辐射范围和强度变化不大。