金属蜂窝夹芯面板有效导热系数的数值计算

对具有漫灰体内壁的金属蜂窝夹芯面板,忽略蜂窝内腔的空气导热,综合考虑蜂窝结构的热传导和热辐射等热传递过程,利用有限元方法求解了周期性分布的蜂窝单胞稳态热传导控制方程,蜂窝内壁的边界条件是由净热量法得到的热辐射换热积分方程,由胞元的温度场分布数据及Fourier定律得到了蜂窝结构的有效导热系数。与现有文献相比,采用了较少近似的模型及较高精度的离散方法,计算结果表明计算模型及方法是可靠有效的。     

基于加力内锥冷却的红外隐身技术研究

应用数值仿真方法计算多种冷却方式下的加力内锥流场和温度场,利用红外辐射特性计算软件分析加力内锥的红外辐射特性。研究结果表明：采用小孔与缝隙组合冷却的效果比单用小孔冷却或单用缝隙冷却的好,采用孔/缝组合冷却的加力内锥的红外辐射强度降低68.49%。     

激波管高温空气绝对辐射功率实验测量

利用激波管加热技术,得到1000K～3000K温度范围内的高温空气,利用宽波段能量计、光电探测器以及滤波片等设备,测量出高温空气在0.3μm～9μm宽波段范围内绝对辐射功率,以及中心波长在4.26μm、5.23μm、8.32μm处、单位波长的绝对辐射功率;实验结果表明,在1000K～2000K温度范围内,高温空气宽波段的辐射功率约为60 W/cm~3·MP,且辐射主要集中在21μm～8μm波段范围内;当温度高于2000K以上,辐射功率随着温度的升高增大较快,且辐射向紫外、可见方向移动;在3000K时,高温空气在0.3μm～9μm宽波段范围内的辐射功率约为150W/(cm~3·MP).     

一种双S弯二元喷管的红外辐射特性数值研究

为了降低轴对称排气系统的红外辐射,设计了一种非常规双S弯二元喷管.在CFD计算得到排气系统温度、压力和组分质量分数的基础上,采用反向蒙特卡洛法计算了基准轴对称喷管和双S弯二元喷管的红外辐射特征,并与二元喷管的结果进行了对比.结果表明:双S弯二元喷管能够对排气系统内部的高温部件进行有效遮挡,其强三维流动效应加强了内外涵冷热气流的掺混,在二元喷管的基础上进一步降低了排气系统的红外辐射;随着偏距 S 的增大,红外抑制效果增加,与轴对称喷管相比在推力损失不大于3%的前提下能够平均降低70%以上的红外辐射.      

涡扇发动机轴对称分开和混合排气系统红外辐射特征的对比

用数值模拟的方法对比研究了涡扇发动机轴对称分开和混合排气系统的红外辐射特征.排气系统的流场采用商业软件进行模拟,红外辐射特征采用根据反向蒙特卡洛法自主开发的软件进行计算,计算分析了两种排气系统在3~5μm波段红外辐射的空间分布以及喷管内不同固体部件在探测方向上的辐射贡献.在红外辐射特征计算过程中,考虑了喷管内壁的发射和反射以及燃气组分二氧化碳、水和一氧化碳的吸收-发射等影响.结果表明:两种排气系统红外辐射的空间分布特性不同;混合排气喷管的积分辐射强度在方位角为0°~10°时大于分开排气喷管,在其他方位角范围内均小于分开排气喷管.      

辐射板强化喷管换热与红外抑制效果试验研究

试验研究了在发动机喷管中加装金属辐射板前后,喷管壁面温度、热喷流温度与喷管红外辐射特征的变化.结果表明,加装金属辐射板后,热喷流与喷管壁面之间的热量传递显著增强,热喷流中心温度降低,壁面温度明显升高,在90°方向上,热喷流3 ～ 5μm波段的红外辐射强度降低了38.5％.文中从热喷流、喷管壁面以及金属辐射板等相关部件的温度变化情况对红外辐射强度的变化原因进行了解释.     

航天器帆板温度受火星热流的影响分析

火星热流对环火轨道航天器的太阳帆板温度有较大的影响.本文建立了火星反照率的数学模型,分析了火星红外辐射和反照热流变化时,太阳帆板在近火弧段和远火弧段阴影期各自的温度变化规律.研究表明,在不同的轨道高度下,火星红外辐射和反照热流对帆板的影响各不相同,存在一个帆板温度受较大影响的临界轨道高度.当轨道高度小于此临界轨道高度,...     

基于增强型离散相模型和化学燃烧的红外诱饵弹建模方法

红外（IR）诱饵弹是一种主要的红外对抗武器,建立一种准确的红外诱饵弹模型将对红外制导算法的研究起重要作用。目前,针对红外诱饵弹的计算机流体仿真（CFD）建模方法中,通常不考虑红外药剂的燃烧对红外模型产生的影响,这将从机理上直接导致建模精度下降。针对这一不足,本文在增强型离散相模型（DPM）红外诱饵弹建模方法的基础上加入了化学燃烧相,建立了准确性更高的仿真模型。实验结果表明,与原有的模型相比,加入化学燃烧相后的新模型在图形特征的仿真精度上有明显提升。     

Expression of p53-regulated genes in human cultured lymphoblastoid TSCE5 and WTK1 cell lines after spaceflight in a frozen state

The 53 kDa tumor suppressor protein p53 is generally thought to contribute to the genetic stability of cells and to protect cells from DNA damage through the activity of p53-centered signal transduction pathways. To clarify the effect of space radiation on the expression of p53-dependent regulated genes, gene expression profiles were compared between two human cultured lymphoblastoid cell lines: one line (TSCE5) has a wild-type p53 gene status, and the other line (WTK1) has a mutated p53 gene status. Frozen human lymphoblastoid cells were stored in a freezer in the International Space Station (ISS) for 133 days. Gene expression was analyzed using DNA chips after culturing the space samples for 6 h on the ground after their return from space. Ground control samples were also cultured for 6 h after being stored in a frozen state on the ground for the same time period that the frozen cells were in space. p53-Dependent gene expression was calculated from the ratio of the gene expression values in wild-type p53 cells and in mutated p53 cells. The expression of 50 p53-dependent genes was up-regulated, and the expression of 94 p53-dependent genes was down-regulated after spaceflight. These expression data identified genes which could be useful in advancing studies in basic space radiation biology. The biological meaning of these results is discussed from the aspect of gene functions in the up- and down-regulated genes after exposure to low doses of space radiation.     

An extension of HZETRN for cosmic ray initiated electromagnetic cascades

Safe and efficient mission operations in space require an accurate understanding of the physical interactions of space radiation. As the primary space radiation interacts with intervening materials, the composition and spectrum of the radiation environment changes. The production of secondary particles can make a significant contribution to radiation exposure. In this work, the NASA space radiation transport code, HZETRN, is extended to include the transport of electrons, positrons, and photons. The production of these particles is coupled to the initial cosmic ray radiation environment through the decay of neutral pions, which produce high energy photons, and through the decay of muons, which produce electrons and positrons. The photons, electrons, and positrons interact with materials producing more photons, electrons and positrons generating an electromagnetic cascade. The relevant cross sections, transport equation, and solution method are introduced. Electron and positron production in Earth’s atmosphere is investigated and compared to experimental balloon-flight measurements. Reasonable agreement is seen between HZETRN and data.