空间辐射场蒙特卡罗模拟计算方法研究

对利用蒙特卡罗方法对由银河宇宙射线引起的空间辐射场各成分进行计算的方法进行了调研,对计算模型的建立以及计算过程中通常使用的方差减小技术进行分析,给出了美国的Roesler等人利用FLUKA程序以及加拿大Anid等人利用MCNPX程序计算得到的由银河宇宙射线引起的空间辐射场各量值及其与实验结果的比较,验证了计算方法与计算模型的可靠性。对任意航线空间辐射场剂量分布预评估方法进行分析,给出了由银河宇宙射线引起的空间辐射场的基本特征。     

Simulations of absorbed dose on the phantom surface of MATROSHKA-R experiment at the ISS

The health risks associated with exposure to various components of space radiation are of great concern when planning manned long-term interplanetary missions, such as future missions to Mars. Since it is not possible to measure the radiation environment inside of human organs in deep space, simulations based on radiation transport/interaction codes coupled to phantoms of tissue equivalent materials are used. However, the calculated results depend on the models used in the codes, and it is therefore necessary to verify their validity by comparison with measured data. The goal of this paper is to compare absorbed doses obtained in the MATROSHKA-R experiment performed at the International Space Station (ISS) with simulations performed with the three-dimensional Monte Carlo Particle and Heavy-Ion Transport code System (PHITS). The absorbed dose was measured using passive detectors (packages of thermoluminescent and plastic nuclear track detectors) placed on the surface of the spherical tissue equivalent phantom MATROSHKA-R, which was exposed aboard the ISS in the Service Zvezda Module from December 2005 to September 2006. The data calculated by PHITS assuming an ISS shielding of 3 g/cm² and 5 g/cm² aluminum mass thickness were in good agreement with the measurements. Using a simplified geometrical model of the ISS, the influence of variations in altitude and wall mass thickness of the ISS on the calculated absorbed dose was estimated. The uncertainties of the calculated data are also discussed; the relative expanded uncertainty of absorbed dose in phantom was estimated to be 44% at a 95% confidence level.     

Comparisons of several transport models in their predictions in typical space radiation environments

We have used several transport codes to calculate dose and dose equivalent values as well as the particle spectra behind a slab or inside a spherical shell shielding in typical space radiation environments. Two deterministic codes, HZETRN and UPROP, and two Monte Carlo codes, FLUKA and Geant4, are included. A soft solar particle event, a hard solar particle event, and a solar minimum galactic cosmic rays environment are considered; and the shielding material is either aluminum or polyethylene. We find that the dose values and particle spectra from HZETRN are in general rather consistent with Geant4 except for neutrons. The dose equivalent values from HZETRN and Geant4 are not far from each other, but the HZETRN values behind shielding are often lower than the Geant4 values. Results from FLUKA and Geant4 are mostly consistent for considered cases. However, results from the legacy code UPROP are often quite different from the other transport codes, partly due to its non-consideration of neutrons. Comparisons for the spherical shell geometry exhibit the same qualitative features as for the slab geometry. In addition, results from both deterministic and Monte Carlo transport codes show that the dose equivalent inside the spherical shell decreases from the center to the inner surface and this decrease is large for solar particle events; consistent with an earlier study based on deterministic radiation transport results. This study demonstrates both the consistency and inconsistency among these transport models in their typical space radiation predictions; further studies will be required to pinpoint the exact physics modules in these models that cause the differences and thus may be improved.     

基于SAMPEX卫星观测的南大西洋异常区高能质子动态分布特征

利用SAMPEX卫星1992年7月至2004年6月19～27MeV高能质子数据对南大西洋异常区的分布特征进行研究, 发现南大西洋异常区高能质子分布随高度及F_10.7的变化十分显著. 在540±25km高度上, 地磁较为平静时期南大西洋异常区高能质子微分通量随着F_10.7的增大而减小, 同时在F_10.7≥115sfu时减小趋势较为平缓. 对中等及以上磁暴进行统计分析发现, 磁暴期间南大西洋异常区高能质子微分通量和SYM-H指数的绝对值存在明显的反相关关系, 且地磁暴对南大西洋异常区高能质子微分通量存在明显的持续影响效应. 磁暴发生期间高能质子微分通量明显减少. 磁暴恢复相及其之后高能质子微分通量呈现较为显著的恢复过程.      

一种间断照射雷达信号的调制参数测试方法研究

针对间断照射雷达信号调制参数测量问题,提出了基于FSW频谱分析仪和软件无线电技术测量的方法。通过分析间断照射雷达信号的特性,给出间断照射雷达信号调制参数测试方案,解决现场调制参数、编码特性等快速测试问题。     

数值模拟喷焰2.7微米红外辐射特性

以固体火箭发动机尾喷焰的红外探测为主要应用背景,利用反向蒙特卡罗法和有限体积法计算了火箭尾喷焰红外辐射特性,获得了尾喷焰在探测波长为2.7μm下的红外辐射的空间、光谱分布特性,两种方法的计算结果也非常接近,具有重要的理论意义和实际应用背景。     

热化学非平衡流辐射流场工程计算方法研究

从耦合辐射的轴对称热化学非平衡 N-S方程出发,采用双温度、1 1组元反应气体模型,耦合修正的Nicolet单温度辐射模型,利用隐式 NND有限差分格式和时间预处理技术数值求解了 FIREII飞船热化学非平衡辐射流场,得到的辐射传热结果与有关实验结果和更细致的热化学非平衡辐射模型的结果进行了比较     

低功率氩电弧喷射推力器中的辐射

为了研究低功率氩电弧喷射推力器中的辐射损失,采用辐射模型和非辐射模型对其工作过程进行了对比数值模拟分析。采用二阶精度无波动、无自由参数的耗散差分格式(NND格式)数值求解耦合电磁源项和辐射源项的N-S方程组,并采用隐式残差光滑法加速收敛;采用有限控制容积积分方法离散求解椭圆型偏微分电磁场方程,并采用逐点超松弛迭代方法加快收敛速度。数值模拟结果对比给出了辐射模型和非辐射模型流动分布情况,并比较了两种模型推力器推力、比冲和推进效率。研究结果表明,与非辐射模型相比,辐射模型比冲低0.137%,推进效率低1.03%,辐射对低功率电弧喷射推力器性能影响比较小。      

用矩量法研究直升机高频天线电磁特性的旋翼调制效应

 基于面元模型的矩量法与快速多极子方法结合分析了直升机机载高频通信天线电磁特性的旋翼调制效应。通过三维计算机辅助实体建模技术,建立了一个尺度与真实直升机相当的仿真模型,实现了机体表面网格的自动剖分。应用准静态法和FFT技术,计算分析了旋转桨叶对天线辐射场幅度和频率的调制效应,还分析了桨叶旋转对天线输入导纳和互导纳的影响。计算结果表明,旋转桨叶对直升机机载天线辐射场产生了显著的影响。本方法亦适用于其它类型的直升机和其它具有旋转桨叶的载体上天线电磁特性的分析。