Space weather and commercial airlines

Space weather phenomena can effect many areas of commercial airline operations including avionics, communications and GPS navigation systems. Of particular importance at present is the recently introduced EU legislation requiring the monitoring of aircrew radiation exposure, including any variations at aircraft altitudes due to solar activity. With the introduction of new ultra-long-haul “over-the-pole” routes, “more-electric” aircraft in the future, and the increasing use of satellites in the operation, the need for a better understanding of the space weather impacts on future airline operations becomes all the more compelling. This paper will present the various space weather effects, some provisional results of an ongoing 3-year study to monitor cosmic radiation in aircraft, and conclude by summarising some of the identified key operational issues, which must be addressed, with the help of the science community, if the airlines want to benefit from the availability of space weather services.     

基于固态硬盘的星载海量存储阵列研究与设计

针对当前星载设备对低成本、标准化及快速组装、快速测试的需求,提出采用基于SATA接口的固态硬盘(SSD)作为存储模块研制星载存储设备。文章首先分析了星载存储技术发展特点、对存储设备的技术需求,以及固态硬盘自身的特点,然后分别从固态硬盘在星载应用中的必要性、可行性及其在应用中的优缺点进行探讨,并重点说明了在星载应用中需要攻克的关键技术及与数传/载荷分系统的融合方法,最后从硬件原理设计、软件层次设计等给出一种可行的设计方案,可为星载固存设备研制提供设计思路。     

核辐射对透波材料介电性能影响

用加速老化试验的方法,在有氧存在的条件下,研究了TDE-85环氧树脂/E玻璃纤维体系、4501A双马来酰亚胺树脂/D3W玻璃纤维体系2种透波材料介电性能受核辐射影响的规律.用60Co辐射源在辐射量为50~800kGy范围内对样件进行辐射,用波导法测试样件的介电常数和介电损耗,测试频率为10GHz.结果发现2种体系透波材料介电性能受核辐射的影响较小,且后者比前者具有更好的抗辐射稳定性.同时利用IR,TGA等手段研究了材料介电性能变化的原因.      

光纤陀螺中保偏光纤60 Co辐照效应及光褪色特性

从光纤陀螺空间应用的角度出发,利用60Co辐照源模拟空间辐照,对光纤陀螺中的主要部件保偏光纤环进行了不同剂量率的辐照实验,得到了保偏光纤的辐照效应.并且利用大功率半导体激光器对保偏光纤环进行了光褪色实验.实验证明,辐照条件下,保偏光纤损耗增加;剂量率越大,损耗增加越快;总剂量越大,损耗越大;采用大功率半导体激光器对保偏光纤环进行光褪色,可以减缓辐照环境下光纤的损耗增加量,而且激光器功率越大,光褪色效果越明显,可将其用到光纤陀螺中作为其空间应用的抗辐射加固措施.      

地球同步轨道长寿命卫星热控涂层太阳吸收率性能退化研究

文章介绍了15年地球同步轨道环境对卫星表面太阳吸收率性能影响的试验模拟研究,研究结果为长寿命卫星热设计及热控涂层选择和研制提供可靠依据;介绍自行研制的空间低能综合环境试验设备、太阳吸收率原位测试系统和空间低能综合环境模拟试验方法,并对航天器常用的S781白漆、SR107ZK白漆、F46镀银和OSR二次表面镜热控材料进行空间低能综合环境模拟试验,获得了这些热控涂层在地球同步轨道15年期间太阳吸收率性能退化模拟数据,与已有的飞行试验数据进行对比研究,取得满意的结果。     

大型太阳模拟器拼接准直镜技术

KM6太阳模拟器采用离轴准直光学系统,离轴角为29°,准直角≤±2°,准直镜最大外形直径为6800mm。根据太阳模拟器光学系统的特性,同时也为降低制造成本,准直镜可以采用球面反射镜来代替原本的抛物面反射镜,并且采用多个小镜拼接而成。文章从外形尺寸计算、单元准直镜及其调节机构、框架结构及其调节机构、准直镜的温控和准直镜的装调等方面全面介绍了KM6太阳模拟器拼接准直镜的设计技术。与此同时,详细阐述了在平面结构基础上拼接大型球面反射镜的可行性及其相关位置尺寸的计算方法,阐述了单元准直镜和框架的调节机构的原理及其拼接球面反射镜过程中的作用,论述了准直镜辐射制冷、电加热调温的温控方案的可行性,进行了必要的热分析计算,对空间环境模拟器中大型反射镜的研制具有参考价值。     

Single event upset investigations on the “Flying Laptop” satellite mission

The radiation effects in electronic parts are called single-event effects, which are deemed to be critical for space missions. This paper presents the Single Event Upsets that were observed in an onboard memory device of the Low Earth Orbit “Flying Laptop” satellite mission during its in-orbit operation. The Single Event Upsets were carefully mapped on the satellite orbital space itself and their root causes were investigated together with their rates of occurrence. Subsequently, the events were traced to show several root cause sources such as (i) trapped energetic protons leaking to low altitudes within the South Atlantic Anomaly, (ii) Solar Energetic Particles emitted by an impulsive event on 10 September 2017, and (iii) Galactic Cosmic Rays. A profound analysis was carried out on the observed flight data, and its corresponding results are actually in agreement with the standard energetic particle models. The presented results provide another important insight on the Single Event Upsets for future Low Earth Orbit satellite missions.     

Shape optimization of a three-dimensional membrane-structured solar sail using an angular momentum unloading strategy

A shape of the satellite’s solar sail membrane is essential for unloading angular momentum in the three-axis stabilized attitude control system because the three-dimensional solar sail can receive solar radiation pressure from arbitrary directions. In this paper, the objective is the shape optimization of a three-dimensional membrane-structured solar sail using the angular momentum unloading strategy. We modelled and simulated the solar radiation pressure torque, for unloading angular momentum. Using the simulation system, since the unloading angular momentum rate is maximized, the shape of the three-dimensional solar sail was optimized using a Genetic algorithm and Sequential Quadratic Programming. The unloading velocity in the optimized shaped solar sail was greatly improved with respect to a conventional flat or pyramid solar sail.     

主被动雷达复合制导中的主动通道最优辐射时机

反舰导弹复合导引头的主动通道在辐射时机取值上存在一个矛盾--过早辐射会增大过早暴露自身的风险,过晚辐射则有可能出现目标脱离视野范围或在最大过载情况下仍无法命中目标的问题。针对导弹仅在末制导阶段开启辐射的情况,提出了一种主动通道最晚辐射时机的求解方法,既保证了一定的命中概率,又降低了被敌方侦察截获的风险。     

大气对遥感卫星图像品质的影响分析

影响遥感卫星图像品质的因素很多,其中包括成像条件中的大气辐射.文章根据遥感成像理论分析了大气辐射对遥感卫星图像品质的影响,计算了大气背景及大气对图像层次和图像对比度的影响.最后,结合遥感相机的特点,给出了减少大气影响、提高图像品质的建议.