Biological assessment of Ariane 5 fairing

United Nations Space Treaties [10 and 11] require the preservation of planets and of Earth from contamination. All nations part to these Treaties shall take measures to prevent forward and backward contamination during missions exploring our solar system. As observer for the United Nations Committee on Peaceful Uses of Outer Space, the COSPAR (Committee of Space Research) defines and handles the applicable policy and proposes recommendations to Space Agencies [COSPAR Planetary Protection Panel, Planetary Protection Policy accepted by the COSPAR Council and Bureau, 20 October 2002, amended 24 March 2005. http://www.cosparhq.org/scistr/PPPolicy.htm.]. The goal is to protect celestial bodies from terrestrial biological contamination as well as to protect the Earth environment from an eventual biohazard which may be carried by extraterrestrial samples or by space systems returning to Earth. According to the applicable specifications, including in our case the French requirements [CNES, System Safety. Planetary Protection Requirements. Normative referential CNES RNC-CNES-R-14, CNES Toulouse, ed. 4, 04 October 2002.], the prevention of forward contamination is accomplished by reducing the bioburden on space hardware to acceptable, prescribed levels, including in some instances system sterilization, assembling and integrating the appropriate spacecraft systems in cleanrooms of appropriate biological cleanliness, avoiding or controlling any recontamination risk, and limiting the probability impact of space systems. In order to prepare for future exploration missions [Debus, A., Planetary protection: organization requirements and needs for future planetary exploration missions, ESA conference publication SP-543, pp 103–114, 2003.], and in particular for missions to Mars requiring to control the spacecraft bioburden, a test program has been developed to evaluate the biological contamination under the fairing of the Ariane 5 launcher.     

高能超声对Al-5Ti-1B中间合金组织和细化行为的影响

在A l-5Ti-1B中间合金的制备和重熔过程中引入高能超声处理,研究了其对中间合金组织和细化效果的影响。结果发现:在市售A l-5Ti-1B重熔过程中施加超声处理,可以显著改善合金组织和细化作用;制备过程中施加超声处理可以加速氟盐和铝熔体间反应的进行,均匀化组织,提高细化效果;中间合金制备及凝固过程联合超声处理,不仅可以改变TiA l3相的形貌,而且改变了TiB2聚集团的形态,使其变为疏松的鱼卵状,粒子之间不再存在粘连现象,中间合金的细化效果进一步提高。     

三维五向编织复合材料导热性能的有限元分析

根据三维五向编织复合材料的细观结构模型,分别假设编织纱线和轴纱具有六边形和正方形横截面,建立了计算三维五向编织复合材料导热性能的有限元模型.采用有限元方法,设定合理的边界条件,计算了三维五向编织复合材料的横向和纵向热传导系数,并与三维四向编织复合材料的热传导系数进行了比较,分析了编织角和纤维体积含量对热传导系数的影响规律.此外,还确定了材料内部的温度、热梯度及热流量的分布,为材料热力耦合问题的分析奠定了基础.      

Impact of four dimensional assimilation of satellite data on long-range simulations over the Indian region during monsoon 2006

A number of experiments were conducted to study the impact of updating model basic fields by satellite data (Quick Scatterometer (QSCAT) surface winds and Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) temperature and humidity profiles) on long-range simulation during the Indian summer monsoon 2006. The Pennsylvania State University/National Center for Atmospheric Research (PSU/NCAR) mesoscale model version5 (MM5) and its four dimensional data assimilation (FDDA) technique was used for the numerical simulations. The spatial distribution and temporal variation in model simulated basic meteorological parameters and rainfall were verified against the observed fields from National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) analysis and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), respectively. The overall analysis of the results from QSCAT surface wind assimilation as compared to control simulation (CNT; without the satellite data assimilation) suggest that a better representation of a single level wind field during model integration fail to make significant improvement in the model simulation both in the basic meteorological parameters and rainfall. The assimilation of temperature and humidity profiles from the AIRS during model integration significantly improved the rainfall prediction during monsoon period. It is found that the improvement in rainfall prediction is attributed to improved thermodynamics structure due to AIRS profile assimilation and the degree of improvement is more in temperature prediction as compared to humidity prediction. It is also found that the prediction over the regions, such as south west part of India and foothills of Himalaya, where a complex orography exists, is not significantly benefited from satellite data assimilation which highlights the need of improvement in the model in addition to a better representation of atmospheric state.     

浅析热电偶引线断裂对EGT测量系统的影响

本文对CFM56-5B发动机EGT测量系统构成原理和电路进行了分析,结合测量系统构成原理和电路分析,揭示热电偶引线断裂的非典型性故障未触发驾驶舱内警告的原因。     

KM5B空间环境模拟试验设备研制

为满足SAST5000平台卫星及SAR系列卫星整星真空热试验需求,研制成一套大型空间环境模拟试验设备KM5B。该设备采用整体设计、分步实施理念,现已完成立式主容器和右侧卧式容器的建设,后续还可根据需要对其进行扩展。文章概要介绍了该试验设备的技术指标、系统组成、研制特点等。KM5B是我国已建成投入使用的第二大空间环境模拟试验设备。     

前驱体法制备Ta4HfC5超纯超细纳米粉体

利用实验室自制铪酸酯和钽酸酯为原料,经水解缩合后得到了含铪钽元素的聚合物PHT,引入酚醛(PF)作为C源,制备了Ta_4HfC_5前驱体,经固化、高温裂解后,获得了超纯超细Ta_4HfC_5纳米粉体。通过XRD、元素分析和SEM对不同工艺条件下陶瓷产物的晶相组成和微观形貌进行了表征;对陶瓷粉体进行了粒度分析。结果表明,合成的前驱体结构稳定,常温避光储存3个月后黏度几乎没有变化,对于复材加工的工艺适应性良好。在酚醛用量3.25 wt%(以PHT质量分数100%计算)、煅烧温度为1 450℃、保温时间为1.5 h的合成条件下,可以得到纯相的Ta_4HfC_5粉体,晶粒尺寸为25～50 nm,粒径分布在100～200 nm之间,Dv(50)=136 nm。     

三维全五向编织复合材料的切边效应

对切割与未切割的三维全五向(3DF5D)编织复合材料进行了纵向拉伸力学性能研究。首先分别对2种编织角下3种不同情况(未切割、沿厚度方向切边和沿宽度方向切边)的试件进行了力学性能实验,实验结果表明,沿着厚度方向切边使材料的刚度和强度分别下降了约10%和25%;沿着宽度方向切边使材料刚度和强度分别下降了约3%和18%;进一步通过有限元数值模拟对上述实验过程进行了仿真计算,得到了单胞的损伤演化过程、破坏机理以及应力-应变曲线。最后对实验结果和计算结果进行了对比,结果显示二者吻合良好。研究结果表明,三维全五向编织复合材料的编织角越大,拉伸刚度和强度会越小;试件尺寸越大,厚度方向和宽度方向切边的影响越小,并趋于定值。     

一种多元铌硅系原位复合材料的高温氧化行为

 采用电弧熔炼的方法制备了Nb-16Si-24Ti-6Cr-6Al-2Hf (原子百分数)多元铌硅系原位复合材料。进行了高温氧化试验,使用扫描电镜、能谱和X-射线衍射仪进行分析。结果表明该复合材料铸态组织主要由Nbss和β-Nb5Si3组成;经1250℃/100h静态氧化后,生成厚的氧化皮,其主要成分为CrNbO4,TiNb2O7;在氧化皮下发生严重的内氧化现象;氧优先在Nbss相中扩散并形成内氧化产物;硅化物对氧的扩散起到一定的阻挡作用;硅化物的分散分布有利于氧化皮中压应力的释放。     

五轴数控加工中心数学模型的建立与实现

多轴加工时,数控软件生成的刀位文件中既包含刀具刀尖点的坐标值,也包含刀轴方位的方向矢量,因此后置处理程序需要将刀位文件中的刀位轨迹坐标转换为机床坐标及相应的回转角度.针对一种五轴数控加工中心,用数学描述的方法建立其坐标变换的数学模型,讨论BC两角可能出现的几种情况,从而解决了其数据转换的问题.在此基础上,利用C 语言开发本模型相应的后置处理程序.实验证明该模型是切实可行的.