ZrB2 及其复合陶瓷的高温抗氧化性能

综述了ZrB_2及其复合陶瓷的高温氧化行为,认为ZrB_2陶瓷是一种优异的高温结构材料,其氧化失效是由于氧化产物B_2O_3保护层挥发失效而导致的;二元陶瓷ZrB_2-SiC由于SiC的加入,高温抗氧化性能大大提高,并对其在不同温度下的氧化物结构进行了阐述。在此基础上提出了进一步提高ZrB_2-SiC陶瓷抗氧化性能和服役温度的方法,并以添加TaC和LaB_6形成三元复相陶瓷为例进行了说明。     

Pro／E二次开发技术在卫星结构设计中的应用

为解决卫星协同设计过程中总体、结构信息同步滞后问题,基于Pro／E软件进行二次开发,实现对总体与结构接口文件的自动解析;利用解析出来的接口数据,在模型上进行表阵列的自动创建,使总体设计模型的变更能够在结构设计模型中及时得到反映,从而实现“总体一结构”设计结果的快速同步。文章中开发的软件工具,在多颗卫星的研制过程中得到了应用。     

Comparison of ionospheric F2 peak parameters foF2 and hmF2 with IRI2001 at Hainan

Monthly median values of foF2, hmF2 and M(3000)F2 parameters, with quarter-hourly time interval resolution for the diurnal variation, obtained with DPS4 digisonde at Hainan (19.5°N, 109.1°E; Geomagnetic coordinates: 178.95°E, 8.1°N) are used to investigate the low-latitude ionospheric variations and comparisons with the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) model predictions. The data used for the present study covers the period from February 2002 to April 2007, which is characterized by a wide range of solar activity, ranging from high solar activity (2002) to low solar activity (2007). The results show that (1) Generally, IRI predictions follow well the diurnal and seasonal variation patterns of the experimental values of foF2, especially in the summer of 2002. However, there are systematic deviation between experimental values and IRI predictions with either CCIR or URSI coefficients. Generally IRI model greatly underestimate the values of foF2 from about noon to sunrise of next day, especially in the afternoon, and slightly overestimate them from sunrise to about noon. It seems that there are bigger deviations between IRI Model predictions and the experimental observations for the moderate solar activity. (2) Generally the IRI-predicted hmF2 values using CCIR M(3000)F2 option shows a poor agreement with the experimental results, but there is a relatively good agreement in summer at low solar activity. The deviation between the IRI-predicted hmF2 using CCIR M(3000)F2 and observed hmF2 is bigger from noon to sunset and around sunrise especially at high solar activity. The occurrence time of hmF2 peak (about 1200 LT) of the IRI model predictions is earlier than that of observations (around 1500 LT). The agreement between the IRI hmF2 obtained with the measured M(3000)F2 and the observed hmF2 is very good except that IRI overestimates slightly hmF2 in the daytime in summer at high solar activity and underestimates it in the nighttime with lower values near sunrise at low solar activity.     

Mapping lunar surface chemistry: New prospects with the Chandrayaan-2 Large Area Soft X-ray Spectrometer (CLASS)

Surface chemistry of airless bodies in the solar system can be derived from remote X-ray spectral measurements from an orbiting spacecraft. X-rays from planetary surfaces are excited primarily by solar X-rays. Several experiments in the past have used this technique of X-ray fluorescence for deriving abundances of the major rock forming elements. The Chandrayaan-2 orbiter carries an X-ray fluorescence experiment named CLASS that is designed based on results from its predecessor C1XS flown on Chandrayaan-1. We discuss the new aspects of lunar science that can be potentially achieved with CLASS.     

Longitudinal variation of the equatorial ionosphere: Modeling and experimental results

We describe a new version of the Parameterized Regional Ionospheric Model (PARIM) which has been modified to include the longitudinal dependences. This model has been reconstructed using multidimensional Fourier series. To validate PARIM results, the South America maps of critical frequencies for the E (foE) and F (foF2) regions were compared with the values calculated by Sheffield Plasmasphere-Ionosphere Model (SUPIM) and IRI representations. PARIM presents very good results, the general characteristics of both regions, mainly the presence of the equatorial ionization anomaly, were well reproduced for equinoctial conditions of solar minimum and maximum. The values of foF2 and hmF2 recorded over Jicamarca (12°S; 77°W; dip lat. 1°N; mag. declination 0.3°) and sites of the conjugate point equatorial experiment (COPEX) campaign Boa Vista (2.8°N; 60.7°W; dip lat. 11.4°; mag. declination −13.1°), Cachimbo (9.5°S; 54.8°W; dip lat. −1.8°; mag. declination −15.5°), and Campo Grande (20.4°S; 54.6°W; dip lat. −11.1°; mag. declination −14.0°) have been used in this work. foF2 calculated by PARIM show good agreement with the observations, except during morning over Boa Vista and midnight-morning over Campo Grande. Some discrepancies were also found for the F-region peak height (hmF2) near the geomagnetic equator during times of F₃ layer occurrences. IRI has underestimated both foF2 and hmF2 over equatorial and low latitude sectors during evening-nighttimes, except for Jicamarca where foF2 values were overestimated.     

A broad climatology of very high latitude substorms

Magnetic data from a newly commissioned Indian Antarctic station Bharati (corrected geomagnetic (CGM) coordinates 74.7°S, 97.2°E) and closely-spaced IMAGE chain observatories (∼100° magnetic meridian in Northern hemisphere) has been analyzed to study the climatology of substorms which were localized poleward of the standard auroral oval. We considered four austral summers (year 2007–2010) when data from Bharati was available. Several very high latitude substorms were observed in this duration when the solar activity remained unexpectedly low for a long time. Various features of very high latitude substorms, e.g., local time dependence, interplanetary state, hemispherical asymmetry and their nightside low latitude signatures are examined. Events studied here, suggested the following properties of substorms occurring at very high latitudes: (1) maximum occurrence was observed near magnetic midnight (21:00–02:00 MLT). (2) In contradiction to earlier reports, many substorms were observed even during negative IMF Bz condition. In addition, majority of substorms occurred during low or moderate solar wind streams. (3) Magnetic signatures were often pronounced in the winter hemisphere. (4) Even if widely used standard AE indices fail to monitor very high latitude substorms, their low latitude signatures are often evident.     

An attempt to study long-term variation of sporadic E layers using neural networks

Strong positive correlation between sporadic E layers and the solar activity and the long-term declining trend of Es were found in this paper. Then the feed-forward back propagation neural networks (NNs) were used to simulate the long-term variation of Es at four stations and predict foEs yearly average values. The inputs used for NNs are the yearly mean values of foEs in the daytime of the past ten years and the yearly averaged data of solar 10.7 cm radio flux (F107) of the present year, and the output is the present yearly mean value of daytime foEs. The outputs of trained NNs have high correlation with the desired values and the foEs yearly mean values predicted by NNs have good agreement with the observed data. The results indicate that NNs can make full use of the observed data to simulate the long variation rule of Es. Also, the results confirm the effect of solar activity on Es.     

50吨级氢氧火箭发动机的设计与研制

系统性地回顾了长征五号运载火箭芯一级50t级氢氧火箭发动机YF-77的设计与研制历程。通过分析氢氧发动机的特点以及国内外氢氧发动机的发展现状,阐述了国内新一代运载火箭研发的技术路线和50t级氢氧火箭发动机的研制背景;对50t级氢氧火箭发动机的总体技术方案及其特点进行了分析与总结,并在此基础上对发动机主要组件的技术方案及其特点开展分析;对发动机热试车情况、可靠性验证情况和故障排除情况进行了分析;对50t级氢氧火箭发动机的研制情况、技术特点进行了总结,并对国内氢氧发动机和液氧/甲烷发动机的发展进行了展望。     

新型低密度Nb-Ti合金抗氧化涂层制备及组织性能分析

针对新型低密度Nb-Ti合金抗氧化性能需求,开展了Si-Cr-Ti系抗氧化涂层研究,重点分析了所制备涂层抗氧化性能和微观组织在氧化前后的变化。结果表明,1 200℃下涂层寿命大于10 h,涂层抗热震性能良好;涂层与基体之间形成一层扩散层,保证了涂层的结合强度;在高温大气环境下,涂层表面生成一种隔绝氧气填补涂层表面空隙的玻璃质SiO_2层,因而具有良好的抗氧化性能。     

基于IRI-2012模型广州地区f_0F_2实测与预测的对比分析

利用广州台站(23.2°N,113.3°E)的实测数据和IRI-2012模型提供的预测数据,对比分析了2013年广州地区f_0F2的变化特征.结果表明,IRI-2012模型能够较好预测该地区f_0F_2的变化趋势,并且CCIR参数得到的预测值比URSI参数更接近实测值;预测值与实测值存在系统偏差,在11:00 LT-06:00 LT时段,观测值均比预测值大,其他时段则相反.在日落后至午夜前时段,预测值与实测值有较大差距.绝对偏差的极值点通常出现在20:00 LT左右,最大超过4 MHz.相对偏差变化比较明显的时段是午夜后至凌晨;在02:00 LT或04:00 LT及06:00 LT附近,可能会出现双误差峰值点,最大超过0.4;但在σ变化很大的20:00 LT附近,相对偏差却变化不大.夜间增强现象会使得偏差增大,导致预测值不能很好反映实测f_0F2的变化.