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Mark S. Bentley Norbert I. KömleGünter Kargl Erika KaufmannErika Hütter 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2011
In our current understanding, active cometary nuclei comprise a volatile-depleted outer crust covering a mixture of dust and ices. During each perihelion passage the thermal wave penetrates the crust and sublimates a portion of these ices, which then escape the nucleus, dragging with them dust particles that replenish the coma and dust tail. The flux of released gases is likely to vary as a complex function of solar distance, nucleus structure, spin rate, etc. It has been previously hypothesised that at some point a fluidised state could occur, in which the gas drag is approximately equal to the weight of overlying dust and ice grains. This state is well understood and used in industrial processes where extensive mixing of the gas and solid components is desired. The literature on fluidisation under reduced gravity and pressure conditions is here reviewed and published relations used to predict the conditions under which fluidisation could occur in the near-surface of a cometary nucleus. 相似文献
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D. J. Wu 《Space Science Reviews》2005,121(1-4):333-342
Nonthermal electrons play a major role during solar flares since not only they contain a large amount of the released energy
but also they provide important information of the flaring physics through their nonthermal radiation in radio and hard X-ray
bands. In a recent work Wu (Phys. Plasmas
10 (2003) 1364) proposed that dissipative solitary kinetic Alfvén wave (DSKAW) with a local shock-like structure could provide an efficient acceleration mechanism for energetic electrons in a
low-β plasma. In the present paper dynamical characteristics of the DSKAW acceleration mechanism in solar coronal plasmas
are studied and its application to the acceleration of flaring electrons is discussed. 相似文献
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Diego Scaccabarozzi Bortolino Saggin Marco Tarabini Ernesto Palomba Andrea Longobardo Emiliano Zampetti 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2014
This work focuses on the thermo-mechanical design of the microbalance used for the VISTA (Volatile In Situ Thermogravimetry Analyzer) sensor. VISTA has been designed to operate in situ in different space environments (asteroids, Mars, icy satellites). In this paper we focus on its application on Mars, where the expected environmental conditions are the most challenging for the thermo-mechanical design. 相似文献
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《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2020,65(4):1263-1278
Enhancing the dust storm detection is a key part for the environmental protection, human healthy and economic development. The goal of this paper is to propose a new Support Vector Machine (SVM)-based method to automatically detect dust storms using remote sensing data. Existing methods dealing with this problem are usually threshold-based that are of great complexity and uncertainty. In this paper we propose a simple and reliable method combining SVM with MODIS L1 data and explore the optimal band combinations used as the feature vectors of SVM. The developed method was evaluated by MODIS and OMI data qualitatively and quantitatively on three study sites located in the Arabian Desert, Gobi Desert and Taklimakan Desert, and it was also compared to three other traditional methods based on their accuracy, complexity, reliability and sensitivity to thresholds. The detection results demonstrated that the combination of (Band7 − Band3)/(Band7 + Band3) ((B7 − B3)/(B7 + B3)), Band20 − Band31 (B20 − B31), and Band31/Band32 (B31/B32) can detect the dust storms more precisely than other individual bands or their combination. The comparison among those cases indicated that the proposed automatic method exhibited an advantage of minimizing the uncertainty and complexity, which were the limits of defining thresholds based on the threshold-based methods. The conclusions can provide references for studies that focus on statistical-based dust storm detection. 相似文献
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Jürgen Blum 《Space Science Reviews》2000,92(1-2):265-278
For a better understanding of the processes which lead to the formation of planetesimals in the early solar nebula, we performed
an extensive series of laboratory experiments. We find that the capture velocities in collisions between spherical grains
are more than one order of magnitude higher than predicted by Chokshi et al (1993). In contrast, irregular grains have no
capture threshold and can be better described by a sticking probability which is typically a few 10%, even for velocities
exceeding 10 m/s. However, adhesion forces between spherical, micron-sized particles match the theoretical predictions very
well, although contact areas and deformations are of the order of inter-atomic distances only. Aggregation experiments in
rarefied turbulent gases reveal the fractal nature of dust aggregates. Mass distribution functions are bell-shaped. Similar
behaviour can be found in aggregation experiments with sedimenting particles. Experiments on collision-induced aggregate compaction
and fragmentation match the numerical simulations by Dominik and Tielens (1997) very well if revised experimental values of
the break-up energy (from our impact experiments) and the rolling-friction force (from our AFM measurements on particle chains)
are used.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Colangeli L. Mennella V. Brucato J.R. Palumbo P. Rotundi A. 《Space Science Reviews》1999,90(1-2):341-354
One of the main objectives of modern astrophysics is the characterisation of properties and evolution of materials present
in space. Production, processing and analysis of cosmic dust analogues in the laboratory represents a powerful tool to interpret
astronomical observations and to contribute to the solution of puzzling problems which are so far unsolved. In the present
paper we summarize recent results obtained in our laboratory on carbon-based and silicate materials able to simulate various
types of cosmic grains. The laboratory data are applied to discuss the nature of spectral features observed in the interstellar
medium and in comets.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Sriharsha Madhavan Junqiang Sun Xiaoxiong Xiong 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2021,67(10):3059-3071
Dust detection using remotely sensed measurements has been one of the challenging problems encountered by atmospheric scientists. MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on the Terra (T) and Aqua (A) platforms have been a versatile sensor for well over 21 and 18 years respectively, and have been extremely useful in the retrieval of aerosol information over the entire globe. The MODIS radiances from the Level 1B in general are expected to be within 5% accuracy in the reflective wavelengths and within 1% in the thermal emissive wavelengths. In this paper, we evaluate the sensitivity of previously developed dust detection technique based on thermal emissive wavelengths, which correspond to MODIS bands 20, 29, 31, and 32 respectively. The Thermal Emissive Dust Index (TEDI) performed very comparably to the traditional Aerosol Optical Thickness (AOT) retrievals by MODIS reflective channels. Since the MODIS Thermal Emissive Bands (TEB) are well calibrated on-orbit using a BlackBody (BB) source, the calibration of these long wave infrared bands is quite robust. As A-MODIS continues to perform well beyond its designed lifetime of 6 years, the instrument has undergone various levels of degradation during its mission time. As a consequence, it is imperative to check the impacts of calibration on the higher-level retrievals. In this paper, we rigorously analyze the sensitivity of TEDI due to the impact of calibration by the afore-mentioned TEB. The perturbation of the dominant (linear) calibration term demonstrated the following: first, there was a correlation in the sensitivity of the TEDI due to the uncertainty in the linear calibration term. Based on a perturbation in the linear calibration term for all aforementioned bands over a range of ±5% yielded the TEDI sensitivity to vary from approximately ?3.2% to about ?3.6%. When considering the uncertainty in each individual band significant changes were observed. The least change was observed for the perturbation in the calibration of band 20 with the TEDI sensitivity and the largest sensitivity in TEDI was observed in the perturbation of band 31 calibration. Thus, in the case of TEDI, noticeable sensitivity due to calibration uncertainty was observed in bands 29, 31, and 32, reiterating the importance of the TEB calibration in these bands. Also, the dust detection scheme based on A-MODIS was successfully transferred to the follow-on sensors such as Suomi (SNPP) and NOAA 20 (N20) VIIRS. The results presented in this paper would be extremely helpful in understanding impacts of calibration on the higher-level products for both current and future missions based on the MODIS heritage. Finally, the work also identifies the importance of radiometric fidelity in maintaining the accuracy of the dust detection. Results presented will show drastic improvement of the Saharan dust detection after the reduction of the electronic crosstalk in the 8.5 µm channel of T-MODIS. 相似文献