一种考虑地球扁率的卫星自主导航方法研究

研究用2个红外地球敏感器和1个星敏感器实现卫星自主导航的方法,地心矢量的测量精度是影响导航精度的重要原因之一,而地心矢量的测量又受到地球扁率的影响.研究地球扁率对地心矢量测量的影响,并提出一种零姿态扁率误差补偿方法,通过仿真验证了这种导航方法及扁率误差补偿算法的有效性.     

Practical guidelines for electro-dynamic tethers to survive from orbital debris impacts

Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) has proposed an active debris removal using electro-dynamic tether to reduce large space debris in the low-Earth orbit. However, a tether strand is thin but long enough to have a large area so that it is vulnerable to small particles. This vulnerability might be the weakest point of a tether system against orbital debris. In order to overcome this weakest point, a double tether system, in which two tether strands are tied together at even intervals to form equally spaced loops, has been suggested as one of the promising candidates. This paper provides a mathematical approach to estimate the survival probability of a double tether system and then apply the approach to evaluate the mission success rate of the active debris removal using electro-dynamic tether that JAXA has proposed. It can be concluded the countermeasure to get enough success rate can be obtained. The result is simulated for Advanced Earth Observing Satellite II (ADEOS-II) re-entry from 800 km sun synchronized orbit to atmosphere. The simulation shows that mission success rate over 90% can be obtained with number of loops over 1000 and 10 mm clearance between two strands.     

Optical/X-ray correlations as a signature of jet-disc coupling in the accreting black hole XTE J1118+480

We interpret the rapid correlated UV/optical/X-ray variability of XTE J1118+480 as a signature of the coupling between the X-ray corona and a jet emitting synchrotron radiation in the optical band. We propose a scenario in which the jet and the X-ray corona are fed by the same energy reservoir where large amounts of accretion power are stored before being channelled into either the jet or the high energy radiation. This time-dependent model reproduces the main features of the rapid multi-wavelength variability of XTE J1118+480. A strong requirement of the model is that the total jet power should be at least a few times larger than the observed X-ray luminosity, implying a radiative efficiency for the jet _j  3 × 10⁻³. This would be consistent with the overall low radiative efficiency of the source. We present independent arguments showing that the jet probably dominates the energetic output of all accreting black holes in the low-hard state.     

Kappa distribution functions and the main properties of auroral particle acceleration

The problem of auroral particle acceleration is analyzed taking into account the filling of the magnetosphere by accelerated particles of ionospheric origin and the trapping of particles between the magnetic and electrostatic barriers. It is taken into account that kappa distributions describe experimentally measured distribution functions better than do maxwellians. The existence of conjugate field-aligned potential drops in the north and south hemispheres is suggested. Field-aligned potential drops are formed if the value of field-aligned current is higher than the threshold determined by the free gazodynamic flow of electrons along field lines. Results of experimental observations showing the possibility of field-aligned potential drop concentration in double layers are summarized. The theory of kinetic double layers is developed taking into account the nonmaxwellian forms of distribution functions. It is shown that the kinetic treatment and the existence of nonmaxwellian distributions lead to real changes in the criteria required for double-layer formation.     

矢量观测确定卫星姿态的预测粒子滤波算法

在矢量观测的基础上,针对单独的星敏感器定姿,提出了一种将粒子滤波(PF)和预测滤波相结合的姿态确定算法,通过设计粒子初始化,结合重要性采样、重采样和规则化等手段,成功地将姿态四元数作为状态粒子进行更新和传递,避免了状态方程的线性化和协方差矩阵的计算;利用预测滤波算法估计模型误差和姿态角速度,在保证滤波精度的同时,有效降低了粒子滤波器的维数.实验在某对地观测通用小卫星平台上进行,选取卫星自由飞行状态和飞轮控制对地稳定模式,分别对滤波器进行了仿真,实验结果验证了该算法对本质非线性、非高斯的卫星姿态估计问题具有快速的收敛性能和良好的稳定精度.该方法还为粒子滤波器的设计和无角速度敏感器测量的飞行器姿态确定提供了借鉴.     

新体制卫星导航信号特性与跟踪环路设计

从新体制卫星信号的特性出发,论述新体制卫星导航信号跟踪环路的一种实现方式,即三环双估计器跟踪环路的设计方法,并以一个仿真系统为例给出各项参数推导的详细过程,最终的仿真结果证明所述方法合理可行。     

近距-1协议在星间测距中的应用

针对近距航天器测距的需要,将CCSDS(空间数据系统咨询委员会)近距-1协议的定时业务与微波双向单程测距法相结合进行测距。该法以直序扩频技术来获得高精度传输帧ASM(附属同步标识)最后1位下降沿的时刻,并以时间码形式,通过帧数据域在测距星之间相互对传,综合考虑协议给出的信号物理特性,对所给出的方法进行了误差分析。分析表明,航天器之间距离不远,相对速度不大时,该法具有较高精度,且与数据通信共用1套设备,降低了成本。     

A novel predictive algorithm for double difference observations of obstructed BeiDou geostationary earth orbit (GEO) satellites

Transmission link disturbances and device failure cause global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers to miss observations, leading to poor accuracy in real-time kinematic (RTK) positioning. Previously described solutions for this problem are influenced by the length of the prediction period, or are unable to account for changes in receiver state because they use information from previous epochs to make predictions. We propose an algorithm for predicting double difference (DD) observations of obstructed BeiDou navigation system (BDS) GEO satellites. Our approach adopts the first-degree polynomial function for predicting missing observations. We introduce a Douglas-Peucker algorithm to judge the state of the rover receiver to reduce the impact of predictive biases. Static and kinematic experiments were carried out on BDS observations to evaluate the proposed algorithm. The results of our navigation experiment demonstrate that RTK positioning accuracy is improved from meter to decimeter level with fixed ambiguity (horizontal?<?2?cm, vertical?<?18?cm). Horizontal accuracy is improved by over 50%, and the vertical accuracies of the results of the static and kinematic experiments are increased by 47% and 27% respectively, compared with the results produced by the classical approach. Though as the baseline becomes longer, the accuracy is weakened, our predictive algorithm is an improvement over existing approaches to overcome the issue of missing data.     

A star identification algorithm based on radial and dynamic cyclic features of star pattern

A full-sky star identification algorithm based on radial and dynamic cyclic patterns is presented with the aim of solving the “lost-in-space” problem. The dynamic cyclic pattern match is applied with a maximum cumulate comparison method to identify sensor-catalog pairings in initial match, which substantially eliminates the effects of the star position noise, magnitude noise, and false stars. After initial match pairings of stars are obtained, a chain part extension technique is employed to quickly search for the longest match chain as the final result. Experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm is highly robust to star position noise, magnitude noise and false stars. In a series of simulations, the identification rate of the algorithm is 97.50% with 2.0 pixels star position noise, 96.90% with 0.4 Mv star magnitude noise and 95.30% with four false stars respectively. Moreover, the algorithm achieves an identification rate of 58.08% when only six stars are in the field of view.     

星敏感器光学系统的热/结构/光分析

星敏感器是高精度的航天器姿态测量器件,其性能受太空温度环境的影响。运用有限元法和光线追迹法,建立星敏感器光学系统的热/结构/光分析模型,研究光学系统温度分布与星敏感器测量误差的关系,得到了算例光学系统在温度均匀分布条件下的温度变化以及轴向温度梯度变化、侧向温度梯度变化与星敏感器测量误差的关系曲线;给出了算例光学系统热误差小于角秒量级的温度条件:均匀温度分布条件下温度变化量≤10℃、轴向温度梯度≤0.1310℃/mm、侧向温度梯度≤0.0325℃/mm,为高精度星敏感器光学系统热控制提供科学的依据。