一种基于压缩感知的高分辨率宽测绘带合成孔径雷达成像算法

针对高分辨率宽测绘带合成孔径雷达（High Resolution Wide Swath Synthetic Aperture Radar, HRWS SAR）在俯仰向波束形成受地面目标高程影响造成增益损失以及在方位向非均匀采样造成模糊的问题,文中提出了一种基于压缩感知（Compressed Sensing, CS）技术的HRWS SAR成像算法。根据SAR系统和平台参数建立精确的观测模型后,通过求解优化问题直接准确地估计出了在地面高程变化影响下的目标来波方向（Direction of Arrival, DOA）并重建了非均匀采样下的方位向观测场景,从而实现了HRWS SAR在俯仰向和方位向的非模糊成像。仿真结果表明了本文算法的有效性。     

A Weighted Inner Product Estimator in the Geometric Algebra of Euclidean 3-Space for Source Localization Using an EM Vector-sensor

In this paper, the source localization by utilizing the measurements of a single electromagnetic (EM) vector-sensor is investigated in the framework of the geometric algebra of Euclidean 3-space. In order to describe the orthogonality among the electric and magnetic measurements, two multivectors of the geometric algebra of Euclidean 3-space (G3) are used to model the outputs of a spatially collocated EM vector-sensor. Two estimators for the wave propagation vector estimation are then formulated by the inner product between a vector and a bivector in the G3. Since the information used by the two estimators is different, a weighted inner product estimator is then proposed to fuse the two estimators together in the sense of the minimum mean square error (MMSE). Analytical results show that the statistical performances of the weighted inner product estimator are always better than its traditional cross product counterpart. The efficacy of the weighted inner product estimator and the correctness of the analytical predictions are demonstrated by simulation results.     

Multipath Separation-Direction of Arrival (MS-DOA) with Genetic Search Algorithm for HF channels

Direction-of-Arrival (DOA) defines the estimation of arrival angles of an electromagnetic wave impinging on a set of sensors. For dispersive and time-varying HF channels, where the propagating wave also suffers from the multipath phenomena, estimation of DOA is a very challenging problem. Multipath Separation-Direction of Arrival (MS-DOA), that is developed to estimate both the arrival angles in elevation and azimuth and the incoming signals at the output of the reference antenna with very high accuracy, proves itself as a strong alternative in DOA estimation for HF channels. In MS-DOA, a linear system of equations is formed using the coefficients of the basis vector for the array output vector, the incoming signal vector and the array manifold. The angles of arrival in elevation and azimuth are obtained as the maximizers of the sum of the magnitude squares of the projection of the signal coefficients on the column space of the array manifold. In this study, alternative Genetic Search Algorithms (GA) for the maximizers of the projection sum are investigated using simulated and experimental ionospheric channel data. It is observed that GA combined with MS-DOA is a powerful alternative in online DOA estimation and can be further developed according to the channel characteristics of a specific HF link.     

提高卫星导航性能的阵列参数估计算法

针对卫星导航信号参数估计性能严重影响导航定位精度,提出了一种利用电磁偶极子对提高信号波达方向和极化参数估计性能的方法。充分利用接收数据协方差矩阵,通过两次特征分解,由特征分解的特征值进行极化参数估计。利用小圆环子阵导向矢量得到波达方向的粗略而无模糊的估计,大圆环子阵导向矢量得到有模糊的估计,通过解模糊得到精确的无模糊的估计,从而大幅提高了到达角的估计精度。比较了单个圆环阵列和同心圆环阵列的参数估计性能,分析了参数估计精度对抗干扰性能的影响,仿真结果表明参数估计精度的提高有效改善了卫星导航抗干扰的性能。     

空间相关噪声中电磁矢量阵二维DOA估计算法

针对空间相关噪声中二维DOA估计性能下降的问题,提出一种基于双子阵结构的电磁矢量阵DOA估计算法。算法假设其中一个子阵由普通标量传感器组成而另一个子阵由电磁矢量传感器组成,并且所有的传感器空间位置均为未知。算法分三个步骤实现。首先,定义一个互相关矩阵来消除空间相关噪声;然后,采用传播算子算法估计电磁矢量传感器导向矢量;最后,通过导向矢量中电场矢量和磁场矢量的叉积计算得到闭式且自动配对的方位-仰角估计值。提出的算法不仅具有良好的估计性能,而且由于无需进行特征值分解估计信号子空间或噪声子空间,无需二维谱峰搜索,因此具有较低的计算量。蒙特卡罗实验证明了算法的有效性。     

光电跟踪仪激光测距器性能检测方法研究

介绍了光电跟踪仪激光测距器的特点,提出了其重要性能指标一测距能力和精度的检测方法。采用半实物仿真技术测试反映测距能力的消光比参量;采用精密延时法,实现了测距精度的测量。检测装置的耦合透镜部件放置于平行光管靶面,容易与测试光电跟踪设备其它模块的装置进行集成。     

中小型无人机伞降精确回收方法研究

传统的无人机伞降回收由于受风向风速、地理环境等因素限制,常常使回收失败。基于此,探索充分利用风向和无人机回收时随风水平漂移距离,在不改变原回收区基础上而相对有效扩大回收区域、改进无人机飞控控制律的算法,从而实现精确回收的方法措施。     

用四元数描述飞行器姿态时的几个基本问题

讨论描述刚体空间姿态的欧拉—克雷洛夫角、方向余弦矩阵、四元数这三种方法,给出方向余弦矩阵与四元数之间关系的推导方法,推导并验证了合成转动四元数的求取方法,介绍了通过方向余弦矩阵推导四元数微分方程的方法。     

平滑重构稀疏贝叶斯学习测向算法

针对二级嵌套阵列中的紧凑阵元结构易受互耦效应影响的问题,提出了两种不同的嵌套阵列结构改进方法：连续平移嵌套阵列和间隔平移嵌套阵列。通过对原有二级嵌套阵列阵元位置进行调整,形成了两种不同的平移嵌套阵列结构,这两种结构对应的差分共阵均"无孔",并且测向自由度和阵列稀疏度均大于原二级嵌套阵列。针对嵌套阵列的差分共阵测向模型为单测量矢量模型,稀疏贝叶斯学习测向算法复杂度高的问题,提出了平滑重构稀疏贝叶斯学习算法。该算法通过空间平滑重构将单测量矢量模型变为多测量矢量模型,降低了观测矩阵的维度,减小了计算复杂度。算法求解时,通过对变换后的观测矩阵进行奇异值分解,进一步降低了观测矩阵维度,利用稀疏贝叶斯学习算法估计辐射源角度。仿真表明,在信噪比和采样数相同的条件下,该算法收敛速度比单测量矢量稀疏贝叶斯学习（SMV-SBL）算法快,且测向精度高于SMV-SBL算法和空间平滑多重信号分类（MUSIC）算法;存在互耦影响时,两种平移嵌套阵列比原嵌套阵列受互耦影响小。     

GPS干涉法测向研究

利用多元天线阵对多颗ＧＰＳ卫星信号进行测量,用最大似然估计或最大后验估计对载体的指向 （包括方位角、俯仰角） 进行最优估计。假设相位差分后,测量噪声服从均值为零的高斯分布,并对载体的指向测量进行计算机模拟,模拟结果表明该方法能达到均方根误差为０．１°的效果。此法可以将ＧＰＳ应用于航天器指向的实时测量和制导。