一种卫星间跟瞄方向的控制策略与实现

进行自由空间的光通信或空间对抗，需要在卫星间实现精确的跟踪与瞄准。因为地面测控站的设置非常有限，指令与数据注入的范围受到很多限制，所以要求这种跟瞄在很多时候是无主控制状态下完成的。提出了一种利用在地面测控站的范围内向星上数管中心注入目标卫星、本体卫星的轨道参数，其它时间依靠自主导航飞行和GPS修正的方法，结合本体星的姿态测量、振动测量实现卫星瞄准指向的方位角与俯仰角的精确控制的方法，提高了在地面站无法注入指令与数据时卫星的捕获概率。通过仿真，将计算结果与卫星仿真工具软件STK的数据进行比较，结果一致。最后在嵌入式DSP平台上实现了这一策略。     

Application of small-size antennas for estimation of angles of arrival of HF signals scattered by ionospheric irregularities

A modification of the Doppler Interferometry Technique is suggested to enable estimating angles of arrival of comparatively broadband HF signals scattered by random irregularities of the ionospheric plasma with the use of small-size weakly directional antennas. The technique is based on the measurements of cross-spectra phases of the probe radiation recorded at least in three spatially separated points. The developed algorithm has been used to investigate the angular and frequency-time characteristics of HF signals propagating at frequencies above the maximum usable one (MUF) for the direct radio path Moscow-Kharkiv. The received signal spectra show presence of three families of spatial components attributed, respectively, to scattering by plasma irregularities near the middle point of the radio path, ground backscatter signals and scattering of the sounding signals by the intense plasma turbulence associated with auroral activations. It has been shown that the regions responsible for the formation of the third family components are located well inside the auroral oval. The drift velocity and direction of the auroral ionosphere plasma have been determined. The obtained estimates are consistent with the classical conception of the ionospheric plasma convection at high latitudes and do not contradict the results of investigations of the auroral ionosphere dynamics using the SuperDARN network.     

一种基于实数域特征值分解的前后向平滑算法

为减小算法的运算量,对常规前后向空间平滑(FBSS)算法进行改进,提出了一种基于实数域特征值分解的前后向平滑(RDFBSS)算法。算法根据前后向平滑算法协方差矩阵的中心-厄米特对称特点,通过实值化变换,使FBSS算法的特征值分解从复数域转为实数域,大幅减少了算法的运算量,且不影响解相干和统计性能,提高了实用性。仿真结果证实了算法的有效性。     

基于循环平稳性的噪声调频干扰高分辨测向方法

根据噪声调频信号循环平稳特性分析,提出了基于阵列接收信号循环均值-空域处理的波达方向(DOA)估计算法。仿真结果表明:该算法的角度估计性能明显高于比幅比相单脉冲测角法,且在高信噪比环境中,该法的估计性能更好、运算量较小。     

基于离心加速度信息的单站无源测距定位方法

针对只测向（B0）方法具有收敛速度慢、定位误差大等缺点，提出了一种利用角度及其变化率、离心加速度等信息进行单站无源测距定位的新方法。对该方法的单次测距误差进行了分析，经多次测量定位计算机仿真结果表明，该方法比只测角定位方法、角度及其变化率定位方法具有更高的定位精度和更快的收敛速度，并且具有更广的应用范围。     

一种基于贝叶斯估计的高分辨目标定向新方法

提出一种高分辨方位估计新方法。它是建立在阵列输出信号和噪声参数联合后验概率密度基础上的空间谱估计。仿真结果表明,该方法具有以下几个显著的优点：①极高的空间分辨率和估计精度;②可解相干源;③低信噪比、少快拍数的情况下很有潜力;④可以估计不同方向目标源的能量;⑤具有较好的工程应用前景。该方法和ＭＵＳＩＣ方法的性能进行了比较并给出计算机仿真结果。     

三点测距副站技术

设计和研制的两个副站（乌鲁木齐站和广州站）和北京的主站相互配合形成三点测距系统,可以完成对风云二号卫星的测距定轨任务。文章着重介绍了副站的组成、作用和功能技术指标等。它的设计方法与国外同类技术相比颇具特色。经过对日本气象卫星进行的几年跟踪测试,及最后通过对风云二号卫星执行任务的验证,确认了副站方案的可行性,设计的合理性。     

利用频谱仪实现多信号测向

随着通信技术的发展,无线电信号之间的干扰越来越严重,无线电信号的测向技术在无线电监测系统中的地位也越来越重要。本文针对目前无线电测向系统的不足,对比较常用的需要硬件支持最少的测向方法———最大信号法进行了改进,设计了一套适用于便携式测向系统使用的测向方法,借助频谱仪实现了多信号的测向,使得测向的频谱范围、随机信号捕获和测向精度得以很大的改进。系统能够对30MHz~18GHz范围内的任意一段频谱进行测向,可以获取测试频段内任意15个典型信号的频点及其方位角和俯仰角信息,测向的最大误差为2°。     

一种联合估计的有源校正高精度测向算法

针对存在系统误差的阵列模型,提出了一种有源标校下的联合估计测向算法。该算法把误差矩阵估计转化为误差系数估计,并采用到达角精确已知的源信号进行标校,在此基础上使用最小二乘法联合估计幅相不一致误差系数和互耦误差系数,最后使用结合误差矩阵的MUSIC算法测量信号的到达角。仿真表明,该算法仅需要3个标校源,其精度相比于无阵列误差情况下降0.05°,具有较好的工程可实现性。     

DOA estimation and mutual coupling calibration with the SAGE algorithm

In this paper, a novel algorithm is presented for direction of arrival（DOA） estimation and array self-calibration in the presence of unknown mutual coupling. In order to highlight the relationship between the array output and mutual coupling coefficients, we present a novel model of the array output with the unknown mutual coupling coefficients. Based on this model, we use the space alternating generalized expectation-maximization（SAGE） algorithm to jointly estimate the DOA parameters and the mutual coupling coefficients. Unlike many existing counterparts, our method requires neither calibration sources nor initial calibration information. At the same time,our proposed method inherits the characteristics of good convergence and high estimation precision of the SAGE algorithm. By numerical experiments we demonstrate that our proposed method outperforms the existing method for DOA estimation and mutual coupling calibration.