自主空战技术中的机动决策:进展与展望

自主空战（AAC）是指飞机依靠机载等相关设备，自主进行战场感知、决策及控制，以执飞空战的技术，其核心是机动决策模块。针对该模块的研究，调研了国内外的现有方法，并按照有关方法的核心内涵，将其分为基于数学求解、机器搜索、以及数据驱动3类分别简要概述；针对每一类方法列出了具有代表性的示例技术，并讨论了其优缺点。指出了自主空战决策的研究应立足现有相关方法及技术基础，同时积极吸纳机器学习、人工智能等新兴技术，合理利用各类方法的优点，取长补短，实现自主空战决策的长足发展；有关于该研究设想的关键科学问题及其潜在解决方案也在文中进行了初步讨论。希冀基于针对自主空战决策研究框架及实现方法的概念性讨论，促进其技术发展，推广相关思路在有关国家安全、国民经济建设等领域的应用，以满足国家重大需求和工程实践。     

Heading south with a north-up map: A choice processing analysis of map alignment effects

This study employed an information accumulation model of choice reaction times to investigate alignment effects in mental representations of maps. University students studied a map from a single orientation (with north at the top). In a subsequent two-choice reaction time task, the students’ spatial knowledge of the map was assessed employing spatial left/right judgments, which were made from imagined perspectives that were either north-aligned or south-aligned. Data showed a standard alignment effect, favoring north- over south-aligned trials. To examine the locus of this effect, data were fit using the Linear Ballistic Accumulator (LBA) model of speeded decisions (Brown & Heathcote, 2008). Of interest were three model parameters: drift rate, the speed at which evidence accumulates toward a response; response threshold, the amount of evidence demanded from the decision maker before selecting a response; and non-decision time, the time consumed by pre- and postdecisional processes. The best-fitting model suggested that non-decision time accounted for the alignment effect. The difference in non-decision time between north and south-aligned judgments suggests a mental alignment stage on south-aligned trials, accounting for the longer reaction times for judgements misaligned with the presented north orientation of the map.     

火星探测天线组阵数据接收技术研究和验证实验

为了满足我国首次火星探测任务的需要，确保探测器有效载荷科学数据的顺利下传，将采用天线组阵的方式进行数据接收。天线组阵数据接收技术在航天工程中的应用国内尚属首次，为此开展了信号合成方法和处理流程的研究，提出了利用模型计算和基于科斯塔斯环的搜索估计相结合的初始时延和多普勒频差快速估计方法。利用现有的密云站50 m天线和昆明站40 m天线，以嫦娥3号着陆器数传信号为实验对象，开展了天线组阵与数据接收技术检验实验。研究和实验结果表明，全频谱合成方法优于符号流合成方法，其合成损耗小于等于 0.45 dB ，可用于我国首次火星探测任务天线组阵的信号合成；初始时延和多普勒频差快速估计方法可提高广域组阵信号互相关的搜索效率；所确定的信号合成技术流程和数据处理方法可用于后续信号合成软硬件设备的研制和开发。     

小型核反应堆自主控制及其深空探测应用设想

针对空间小型模块化核反应堆的自主控制问题，提出自主控制体系结构，降低反应堆控制对人的依赖程度，满足了深空探测任务对空间堆自主控制的需求。首先介绍了核反应堆自主控制技术和空间探测自主技术的发展现状，分析了空间小型堆的自主控制需求，然后阐释了自主控制及核反应堆近自主控制的内涵。最后基于空间堆的运行特点，给出小型堆近自主控制分层体系结构的组成元素，并进一步建立了融合决策层和功能层的小型堆多智能体自主控制体系结构。     

Multi-block SSD based on small object detection for UAV railway scene surveillance

A method of multi-block Single Shot MultiBox Detector (SSD) based on small object detection is proposed to the railway scene of unmanned aerial vehicle surveillance. To address the limitation of small object detection, a multi-block SSD mechanism, which consists of three steps, is designed. First, the original input images are segmented into several overlapped patches. Second, each patch is separately fed into an SSD to detect the objects. Third, the patches are merged together through two stages. In the first stage, the truncated object of the sub-layer detection result is spliced. In the second stage, a sub-layer suppression and filtering algorithm applying the concept of non-maximum suppression is utilized to remove the overlapped boxes of sub-layers. The boxes that are not detected in the main-layer are retained. In addition, no sufficient labeled training samples of railway circumstance are available, thereby hindering the deployment of SSD. A two-stage training strategy leveraging to transfer learning is adopted to solve this issue. The deep learning model is preliminarily trained using labeled data of numerous auxiliaries, and then it is refined using only a few samples of railway scene. A railway spot in China, which is easily damaged by landslides, is investigated as a case study. Experimental results show that the proposed multi-block SSD method produces an overall accuracy of 96.6% and obtains an improvement of up to 9.2% compared with the traditional SSD.     

6061铝合金超薄壁弯管制造工艺及组织性能研究

通过单向拉伸试验建立了材料的本构方程,对6061铝合金板材半片拉深成形过程进行了有限元模拟,研究了摩擦系数与压边力对拉深成形结果的影响规律模拟结果表明:拉深成形时,应采用较大的压边力和较小的摩擦系数,以避免外管的外弧处易出现明显的起皱缺陷;基于模拟结果,进行了6061铝合金Φ202mm×1mm弯管半片拉深成形;最后对半片焊接后的超薄壁弯管进行了耐压爆破试验及关键部位微观组织分析.     

成人自考生学习动力现状的调查分析

采取问卷调查、访谈调查的方法，对重庆市部分成人自考生的学习动力现状进行了调查。通过调查发现，成人自考生学习动力受到性别、年龄、职业、工作年限、经济收入等多方面因素的影响，最后提出了相应的建议。     

考虑火箭约束的深空探测弹轨道拼接模型

针对深空探测任务轨迹规划中对于运载火箭弹道约束考虑不足、弹轨道拼接设计效率低的现状,建立了考虑运载火箭射向和末级滑行时间约束的弹轨道拼接计算模型,在无引力摄动假设下得到了任意深空出发速度条件下的运载火箭射向和末级滑行时间计算公式。利用该模型分析了弹轨道可成功拼接的集合范围随深空出发速度、发射场地理位置、火箭射向和滑行时间约束范围的变化规律。提出深空出发"赤纬-发射能量"(δ-C3)图方法,可在图上表示指定型号运载火箭深空发射能力可行域,结合深空轨道转移Pork-Chop图方法,可以快速判断该型运载火箭是否适用于特定深空发射任务。依据这一方法,提出了对我国未来深空探测运载火箭射向和末级滑行时间的能力需求。     

五年制高职校新生英语学习现状调查及应对策略

针对五年制高职学生英语学习上出现倦怠、课堂教学很难开展的现状,进行学生英语学习基础的调查,了解并解决以下两个问题：一是调查学生的英语学习基础,弄清英语学习出现倦怠的原因;二是反思教师的教学模式,找到适合提升学生的学习积极性的教学方法。     

基于深度Q网络的多智能体逃逸算法设计CSCD

当前多智能体追逃博弈问题通常在二维平面下展开研究,且逃逸方智能体运动不受约束,同时传统方法在缺乏准确模型时存在设计控制策略困难的问题。针对三维空间中逃逸方智能体运动受约束的情况,提出了一种基于深度Q网络(DQN)的多智能体逃逸算法。该算法采用分布式学习的方法,逃逸方智能体通过对环境的探索学习得到满足期望的逃逸策略。为提高学习效率,根据任务的难易程度将智能体策略学习划分为两个阶段,并设计了相应的奖励函数引导智能体探索满足期望的逃逸策略。仿真结果表明,该算法所得逃逸策略效果稳定,并且具有泛化能力,在改变一定的初始位置条件后,逃逸方智能体也可成功逃逸。