CFDP协议中延迟NAK文件传输时间分析与仿真

未来的深空通信需要一个鲁棒的、有效与可靠的文件传输协议,在研究CCSDS提出的CFDP协议基础上,针对延迟NAK模式提出了一种新的分析方法。在保证吞吐量的前提下,对ARQ定时器优化设置,导出了平均文件传输时间的理论表达式。在单跳直连链路中,对不同条件下的平均文件传输时间进行了仿真与数值分析。仿真结果表明平均文件传输时间与PDU错误概率、PDU数目及单向传播时间等有密切关系。随机仿真与理论分析具有很好的一致性。     

Learning Routes from Visualizations for Indoor Wayfinding: Presentation Modes and Individual Differences

Abstract

Participants (N = 78) studied a visualization of a route through a complex building and walked that route in the real building without further assistance. Erroneous turns on the route as well as indicators of uncertainty such as hesitations were assessed. Three types of route visualizations were compared: (1) an allocentric, map-based visualization with the route indicated in floor maps, (2) an ordered sequence of pictures of decision points shown from the egocentric perspective, and (3) an animation showing a virtual walk of the route from the egocentric perspective. In addition to the experimental variation, gender differences, differences in visual-spatial abilities and differences in self-reported wayfinding strategies were considered as predictor variables. Wayfinding performance did not differ between allocentric (map) and egocentric (decision point pictures and animation) visualizations. However, wayfinding performance was better with animated than with static egocentric visualizations. Individual differences in the ability to encode visual-spatial information from the visualization played a critical role for route learning. Self-reported sense of direction related to egocentric wayfinding strategies also predicted wayfinding performance. Gender differences were attributable to differences in visual-spatial abilities and egocentric wayfinding strategies. Interactions between visualizations and individual differences were not found. It is concluded that animations of virtual walks are suitable to convey route information in complex buildings. Successful acquisition of route knowledge from maps is possible but might depend on the comprehensibility of the structure of the building.     

Fronts and thermohaline structure of the Brazil–Malvinas Confluence System

Fronts and thermohaline structure of the Brazil–Malvinas Confluence System (BMCS) are studied from climatic data, “Marathon Exp. Leg.8, 1984” data, and Sea surface temperature (SST) data base “ds277-Reynolds” (1981–2000). The South Atlantic Central Water (SACW) is divided in two main types: tropical (TW) and subtropical water (ST). Water masses, Fronts, Inter-Frontal and Frontal Zones are analysed and classified: (a) the water masses: Tropical Low-Salinity Water, Tropical Surface Water, Tropical Tropospheric Water, Subtropical Low-Salinity Water, Subtropical Surface Water, Subtropical Tropospheric Water. T,S characteristics of intermediate, deep and bottom water defined by different authors are confirmed and completed; (b) the Inter-Frontal Zones: Tropical/Brazil Current Zone, Subtropical Zone and Subantarctic Zone; (c) the Frontal Zones: Subtropical, Subantarctic and Polar, and (d) the Fronts: Subtropical Front of the Brazil Current, Principal Subtropical Front, North Subtropical Front, Subtropical Surface Front, South Subtropical Front, Subantarctic Surface Front, Subantarctic Front and Polar Front. Several stable T–S relationships are found below the friction layer and at the Fronts. The maximum gradient of the oceanographic characteristics occurs at the Brazil Current Front, which can be any of the subtropical Fronts, depending on season. Minimum mean depth of the pycnocline coincides with the Fronts of the BMCS, indicating the paths of low-salinity shelf waters into the open ocean. In the work it is shown how to recover the horizontal and vertical thermohaline structure of waters from satellite data RSMAS SST.     

中国共产党人学习观研究述评

学习在多学科的共同探索和推进下,已成为当下的一个前沿和热门课题。由此,探究当前中国共产党人学习观研究中已取得的主要理论成果、薄弱环节、有待进一步创新之处,对于进一步深化对中国共产党人学习观的科学研究,构筑一个完整的中国共产党人学习观的科学体系具有重要意义。     

NASA深空网（DSN）的现状及发展趋势

详细介绍了美国深空网的发展过程、目前的状况以及未来的主要发展计划。     

The Coma of Comet 9P/Tempel 1

As comet 9P/Tempel 1 approaches the Sun in 2004–2005, a temporary atmosphere, or “coma,” will form, composed of molecules and dust expelled from the nucleus as its component icy volatiles sublimate. Driven mainly by water ice sublimation at surface temperatures T > 200 K, this coma is a gravitationally unbound atmosphere in free adiabatic expansion. Near the nucleus (≤ 10² km), it is in collisional equilibrium, at larger distances (≥10⁴ km) it is in free molecular flow. Ultimately the coma components are swept into the comet’s plasma and dust tails or simply dissipate into interplanetary space. Clues to the nature of the cometary nucleus are contained in the chemistry and physics of the coma, as well as with its variability with time, orbital position, and heliocentric distance. The DI instrument payload includes CCD cameras with broadband filters covering the optical spectrum, allowing for sensitive measurement of dust in the comet’s coma, and a number of narrowband filters for studying the spatial distribution of several gas species. DI also carries the first near-infrared spectrometer to a comet flyby since the VEGA mission to Halley in 1986. This spectrograph will allow detection of gas emission lines from the coma in unprecedented detail. Here we discuss the current state of understanding of the 9P/Tempel 1 coma, our expectations for the measurements DI will obtain, and the predicted hazards that the coma presents for the spacecraft. An erratum to this article is available at .     

飞行员导航专家系统

论述一个飞行员导航专家系统方案。此系统包括二次通道：飞行员助理（ＰＡ）通道和飞行员助理学习（ＰＡＬ）通道。ＰＡ通道完成导航计算、形势判断和决策，通道还将显示出当前形势及给飞行员提出的建议。ＰＡＬ通道完成知识库（ＫＢ）的更新，包括：对飞行员完成的操作作出评价、综合归纳知识和规则以及知识库的修正更新。对系统所涉及的一些原则方法和算法进行了研究。     

基于卷积神经网络的航天复合材料缺陷智能检测

针对传统的缺陷图像识别处理方式存在着准确度与辨识度不足,且处理缺陷种类单一的问题,提出了一种基于Cascade R-CNN和Mask R-CNN的神经网络模型。首先,为了提高缺陷检测的可视化效果和检测准确度,在实例分割卷积网络Mask R-CNN的基础上,结合级联神经网络Cascade R-CNN结构,组合成了新的级联实例分割Cascade Mask R-CNN网络;其次,对组合而成的级联卷积神经网络进行了训练,将训练好的模型对复合材料缺陷图像进行了检测。实验结果表明:检测的平均准确度达到了91.5%,平均置信度达到了97.3%,达到了检测精度的要求。该研究成果可运用于航天复合材料缺陷识别。     

一种深空探测器自主天文导航新方法及其可观测性分析

天文导航是一种适用于深空探测器的完全自主的导航方法,与传统的直接利用天体观测信息进行滤波的方法不同,针对深空探测器,提出了一种首先利用天文观测信息通过几何解算得到一个初步的定位结果,再结合轨道动力学方程利用多模自适应(MM)滤波方法对初步结果进行再处理的自主天文导航新方法,仿真计算的结果表明,该方法可以明显提高导航定位精度,同时从可观测性和可观测度的角度,分析了应用该方法提高导航定位精度的原因和机理。     

航空发动机叶片表面损伤与检测研究进展

航空发动机叶片的工作环境极其恶劣,表面会出现各种类型的损伤。在损伤早期进行表面检测能够有效预防因损伤扩展导致的叶片失效断裂。发动机叶片表面损伤的检测和评估主要由人工操作,严重依赖工作经验,但人工检测不仅效率低下,而且检测结果容易受到人为因素的影响。为了高效、高精度地检测发动机叶片表面损伤,从叶片失效形式出发,综述了发动机叶片在停放和运行2种状态下的损伤机理,并重点阐述了涡流检测、渗透检测等常用于叶片表面损伤检测的方法。总结了基于机器视觉的检测技术,分析机器视觉检测面临数据集稀缺和单一性的挑战,认为收集大量数据并进一步完善评估标准是未来发动机叶片表面损伤检测系统研究的重点方向。