7075-T6铝合金厚板FSW焊缝沿厚度方向上的显微组织演变规律

采用金相显微镜（OM）、扫描电镜（SEM）和背散射电子衍射（EBSD）技术表征7075铝合金厚板搅拌摩擦焊（FSW）焊核中心区的微观结构，研究沿焊缝厚度方向上的显微组织演变规律。结果表明，焊核中心区发生了明显的动态再结晶，由原始粗大的板条状组织转变成了细小的等轴晶；随着距焊缝上表面距离的增加，中心区等轴晶晶粒尺寸呈现逐渐增大的趋势。其中，中心区上部4 mm处的晶粒尺寸最小，仅为7.8 μm；底部19 mm处的晶粒尺寸最大，达18.6 μm。中心区动态再结晶分数随距离的增大而逐渐减小，从中心区顶部1 mm处最大值90.4%减小至底部19 mm处最小值57.5%。受动态再结晶影响，焊核中心区主要以大角度晶界（HAGB）分布为主，且中心区大角度晶界随距离的增加呈逐渐降低的趋势；但每一个典型位置处的大角度晶界分布呈现先增大后减小的趋势，且在45°左右时达到最大值；此外，中心区并没有强取向组织产生。同时，焊核中心区主要以细小、弥散的二次析出强化相η相为主，且二次析出强化相颗粒尺寸随距离的增加而呈逐渐增大的趋势，但二次析出强化相颗粒总体数量却呈相反的趋势变化。     

航空发动机健康管理云服务系统设计与实现

为提高航空公司的资源利用率和经营管理水平,设计了一个基于云计算的航空发动机健康管理系统。分析了航空公司对云服务系统的需求,介绍了系统的结构体系和系统开发和运行的环境。叙述了系统的功能模型和信息模型,并通过发动机健康管理一个模块——“水洗”的使用来说明系统的使用过程。     

浅议基于云计算的高校信息平台在学生工作中的应用前景

目前,高校的信息化建设初见成效,但高校学生工作的信息化发展仍有待提高。随着云计算的兴起,其特有的平台化、共享化、低成本化、安全化的特点使云计算成为解决目前高校信息化建设难题的突破口。本文首先阐述了当前高校学生管理中的各种矛盾;其次,介绍了云计算的特点和优势;最后,对云计算在高校学生管理应用前景进行了展望。通过本论文的研究,从云计算的视角对不断加快高校信息化建设提出了新的思路。     

空间数据系统发展的三个阶段

提出把空间数据系统的发展历程分为三个阶段：第一阶段是面向信道传输,主要解决数据如何在空间链路上有效可靠传输;第二阶段是面向数据源,主要解决如何自适应不同数据源的传输要求。这两个阶段的技术已经成熟并应用。文章预测,空间数据系统将走上第三阶段,即面向数据用户的体制,到那时用户可以根据自己的需求,主动从空间分布式数据库中获取数据。文章重点阐述了第三阶段的新概念设想,它的第一步是云遥测,然后进一步建成支持交互的空间云数据系统。     

Development of in-situ Space Debris Detector

Due to high relative velocities, collisions of spacecraft in orbit with Space Debris (SD) or Micrometeoroids (MM) can lead to payload degradation, anomalies as well as failures in spacecraft operation, or even loss of mission. Flux models and impact risk assessment tools, such as MASTER (Meteoroid and Space Debris Terrestrial Environment Reference) or ORDEM (Orbital Debris Engineering Model), and ESABASE2 or BUMPER II are used to analyse mission risk associated with these hazards. Validation of flux models is based on measured data. Currently, as most of the SD and MM objects are too small (millimeter down to micron sized) for ground-based observations (e.g. radar, optical), the only available data for model validation is based upon retrieved hardware investigations e.g. Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF), Hubble Space Telescope (HST), European Retrievable Carrier (EURECA). Since existing data sets are insufficient, further in-situ experimental investigation of the SD and MM populations are required. This paper provides an overview and assessment of existing and planned SD and MM impact detectors. The detection area of the described detectors is too small to adequately provide the missing data sets. Therefore an innovative detection concept is proposed that utilises existing spacecraft components for detection purposes. In general, solar panels of a spacecraft provide a large area that can be utilised for in-situ impact detection. By using this method on several spacecraft in different orbits the detection area can be increased significantly and allow the detection of SD and MM objects with diameters as low as 100 μm. The design of the detector is based on damage equations from HST and EURECA solar panels. An extensive investigation of those panels was performed by ESA and is summarized within this paper. Furthermore, an estimate of the expected sensitivity of the patented detector concept as well as examples for its implementation into large and small spacecraft are presented.     

Asteroid and comet hazard: Identification problem of observed space objects with the parental bodies

This article focuses on the genetic identification of observed small cosmic bodies with alleged parental bodies; namely, comets, asteroids and meteoroid swarms. There is a problem of the upper D-value limit as a measure of proximity between the orbits of the bodies in the five-dimensional phase space (Southworth and Hawkins, 1963). In the study of genetic relationships of the comet and meteor complexes, the D value is usually taken as equal to 0.2 for all meteor showers. However, the upper D limit should be investigated for each meteoroid complex. For example, such investigation was performed for the Taurid meteor complex (Porub?an et al., 2006). In this paper, the upper D-criterion limit value was investigated for the Perseid meteor shower. The 1862 III Swift–Tuttle comet is its parental comet.     

Assessing and minimizing collisions in satellite mega-constellations

We aim to provide satellite operators and researchers with an efficient means for evaluating and mitigating collision risk during the design process of mega-constellations. We first introduce a novel algorithm for conjunction prediction that relies on large-scale numerical simulations and uses a sequence of filters to greatly reduce its computational expense. We then use this brute-force algorithm to establish baselines of endogenous (intra-constellation), or self-induced, conjunction events for the FCC-reported designs of the OneWeb LEO and SpaceX Starlink mega-constellations. We demonstrate how these deterministic results can be used to validate more computationally efficient, stochastic techniques for close-encounter prediction by adopting a new probabilistic approach from Solar-System dynamics as a simple test case. Finally, we show how our methodology can be applied during the design phase of large constellations by investigating Minimum Space Occupancy (MiSO) orbits, a generalization of classical frozen orbits that holistically account for the perturbed-Keplerian dynamics of the Earth-satellite-Moon-Sun system. The results indicate that the adoption of MiSO orbital configurations of the proposed mega-constellations can significantly reduce the risk of endogenous collisions with nearly indistinguishable adjustments to the nominal orbital elements of the constellation satellites.     

基于微分进化算法的二自由度PID控制器参数优化

针对二自由度PID控制器参数多、调节困难等问题,提出了一种基于微分进化算法参数调节优化方法。证明了微分进化算法能够收敛到平稳点,并具有概率全局收敛性。研究了二自由度PID控制器参数与抑制特性、跟踪特性的关系,并将微分算法与遗传算法、粒子群算法的参数优化结果进行了比较。仿真验证表明,微分算法能够更好地实现二自由度PID控制器参数的调节,具有优异的跟踪特性和抑制特性。     

Mechanical wear debris feature,detection, and diagnosis: A review

Mechanical debris is an important product of friction wear, which is also a crucial approach to know the running status of a machine. Many studies have been conducted on mechanical debris in related fields such as tribology, instrument, and diagnosis. This paper presents a comprehensive review of these studies, which summarizes wear mechanisms (e.g., abrasive wear, fatigue wear, and adhesive wear) and debris features (e.g., concentration (number), size, morphology, and composition), analyzes detection methods principles (e.g., offline: spectrograph and ferrograph, and online: optical method, inductive method, resistive-capacitive method, and acoustic method), reviews developments of online inductive methods, and investigates the progress of debris-based diagnosis. Finally, several notable problems are discussed for further studies.     

On initial steps of chemical prebiotic evolution: Triggering autocatalytic reaction of oligomerization

Searching for extraterrestrial life attracts more and more attention. However this searching hardly can be effective without sufficiently universal concept of life origin, which incidentally tackles a problem of origin of life on the Earth. A concept of initial stages of life origin is stated in the paper. The concept eliminates key difficulties in the problem of life origin, and allows experimental verification of it. According to the concept the predecessor of living beings has to be sufficiently simple to provide non-zero probability of self-assembling during short (in geological or cosmic scale) time. In addition the predecessor has to be capable of autocatalysis, and further complication (evolution). A possible scenario of initial stage of life origin, which can be realized both on other planets, and inside experimental facility is considered. In the scope of the scenario a theoretical model of multivariate oligomeric autocatalyst is presented. Results of computer simulation of two versions of oligomeric autocatalytic reactions are presented. It is shown that the contribution of monomer activation reaction is essential, and in some cases autocatalysis in polymerizing reaction can be achieved without catalyzing proper monomer binding reaction.