The impact of error covariance matrix structure of GRACE’s gravity solution on the mass flux estimates of Greenland ice sheet

The error variance-covariance matrices of the monthly GRACE gravity field models are usually well-structured (e.g., order-leading) to contain the error information of the monthly gravity field models, and they are important information to further improve the accuracy of the estimated mass transportation by a post-processing scheme. Intensive studies have been performed to understand the impact of different approximations of the full error variance-covariance matrix on the mass estimates obtained with the conventional GRACE-post processing methods (e.g., the de-striping method). In this study, based on the variants of the mascon approach which treat monthly GRACE solutions as input, we consider four different structures to the error variance-covariance matrix, (i) full matrix, (ii) block diagonal matrix, (iii) diagonal matrix, and (iv) identity matrix, and examine their impact on the mass transport estimates in Greenland. Using both synthetic and real data, we analyze the results at four temporal scales: (i) the long-term decadal scale, (ii) the inter-annual scale, (iii) the seasonal scale, and (iv) the monthly scale. Based on the synthetic study, we find that for the recovery of the long-term trend, the application of the diagonal structure obtains the best estimates. This is caused by the amplification of the model error in the mascon approach when considering the full and block diagonal structures of error variance-covariance matrix, not due to any imperfection of them. Therefore, we emphasize that one should be aware of mascon model deficiency in the mascon approach. Furthermore, the best inter-annual, seasonal and monthly mass estimates are derived by considering the block diagonal and full structures. This is caused by the behavior of the bias and the unique parameterization error in the case of different structures. A similar finding is also presented in the real data case. Finally, our analysis denotes the necessity of releasing the block diagonal structure together with the official monthly gravity field model for the GRACE Follow-On mission, instead of releasing only the diagonal structure as done for the GRACE mission.     

国际对接系统标准探究

根据对接技术发展、国际合作和空间救援等现实需求,国际空间站成员确定了一项通用对接接口标准,即国际对接系统标准接口定义文件(IDD)。该标准是基于异体同构周边式对接机构成功经验和弱撞击对接技术提出的,详细描述了对接接口和对接性能要求。基于此背景,简要回顾了对接机构的发展历史,叙述了国内外主要对接机构的技术特点,对标准的主要内容和应用情况进行了分析论述,并提出我国应结合载人航天工程需求参与国际标准的制定。     

IP广域网接口链路特性分析与研究

在分析广域网综合性能指标——实时性和可靠性的基础上，将该指标分解为广域网接口协议开销特性、链路时延差门限特性和链路中断检测特性，并分析总结了广域网接口类型及相关链路协议特点。通过测试吞吐量和丢包率的方法，对华为3种型号的路由器进行了接口协议开销特性、时延差门限特性和链路中断检测特性测试。实验结果表明，不同型号路由器、不同接口类型、不同链路协议对广域网综合性能的影响存在不可预知的差异。在此基础上对比分析了基于链路层状态和基于网络层状态中断检测特性的差异，实验数据为构建、评估与优化广域网性能提供了参考依据。     

A novel method for destriping of OCM-2 data and radiometric performance analysis for improved ocean color data products

Despite the capability of Ocean Color Monitor aboard Oceansat-2 satellite to provide frequent, high-spatial resolution, visible and near-infrared images for scientific research on coastal zones and climate data records over the global ocean, the generation of science quality ocean color products from OCM-2 data has been hampered by serious vertical striping artifacts and poor calibration of detectors. These along-track stripes are the results of variations in the relative response of the individual detectors of the OCM-2 CCD array. The random unsystematic stripes and bandings on the scene edges affect both visual interpretation and radiometric integrity of remotely sensed data, contribute to confusion in the aerosol correction process, and multiply and propagate into higher level ocean color products generated by atmospheric correction and bio-optical algorithms. Despite a number of destriping algorithms reported in the literature, complete removal of stripes without residual effects and signal distortion in both low- and high-level products is still challenging. Here, a new operational algorithm has been developed that employs an inverted gaussian function to estimate error fraction parameters, which are uncorrelated and vary in spatial, spectral and temporal domains. The algorithm is tested on a large number of OCM-2 scenes from Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal waters contaminated with severe stripes. The destriping effectiveness of this approach is then evaluated by means of various qualitative and quantitative analyses, and by comparison with the results of the previously reported method. Clearly, the present method is more effective in terms of removing the stripe noise while preserving the radiometric integrity of the destriped OCM-2 data. Furthermore, a preliminary time-dependent calibration of the OCM-2 sensor is performed with several match-up in-situ data to evaluate its radiometric performance for ocean color applications. OCM-2 derived water-leaving radiance products obtained after calibration show a good consistency with in-situ and MODIS-Aqua observations, with errors less than the validated uncertainties of ±5% and ±35% endorsed for the remote-sensing measurements of water-leaving radiance and retrieval of chlorophyll concentrations respectively. The calibration results show a declining trend in detector sensitivity of the OCM-2 sensor, with a maximum effect in the shortwave spectrum, which provides evidence of sensor degradation and its profound effect on the striping artifacts in the OCM-2 data products.     

A new method for improving the performance of an ionospheric model developed by multi-instrument measurements based on artificial neural network

There are remarkable ionospheric discrepancies between space-borne (COSMIC) measurements and ground-based (ionosonde) observations, the discrepancies could decrease the accuracies of the ionospheric model developed by multi-source data seriously. To reduce the discrepancies between two observational systems, the peak frequency (foF2) and peak height (hmF2) derived from the COSMIC and ionosonde data are used to develop the ionospheric models by an artificial neural network (ANN) method, respectively. The averaged root-mean-square errors (RMSEs) of COSPF (COSMIC peak frequency model), COSPH (COSMIC peak height model), IONOPF (Ionosonde peak frequency model) and IONOPH (Ionosonde peak height model) are 0.58 MHz, 19.59 km, 0.92 MHz and 23.40 km, respectively. The results indicate that the discrepancies between these models are dependent on universal time, geographic latitude and seasons. The peak frequencies measured by COSMIC are generally larger than ionosonde’s observations in the nighttime or middle-latitudes with the amplitude of lower than 25%, while the averaged peak height derived from COSMIC is smaller than ionosonde’s data in the polar regions. The differences between ANN-based maps and references show that the discrepancies between two ionospheric detecting techniques are proportional to the intensity of solar radiation. Besides, a new method based on the ANN technique is proposed to reduce the discrepancies for improving ionospheric models developed by multiple measurements, the results indicate that the RMSEs of ANN models optimized by the method are 14–25% lower than the models without the application of the method. Furthermore, the ionospheric model built by the multiple measurements with the application of the method is more powerful in capturing the ionospheric dynamic physics features, such as equatorial ionization, Weddell Sea, mid-latitude summer nighttime and winter anomalies. In conclusion, the new method is significant in improving the accuracy and physical characteristics of an ionospheric model based on multi-source observations.     

Statistical analysis of geomagnetic field variations during solar eclipses

We investigate the geomagnetic field variations recorded by INTERMAGNET geomagnetic observatories, which are observed while the Moon’s umbra or penumbra passed over them during a solar eclipse event. Though it is generally considered that the geomagnetic field can be modulated during solar eclipses, the effect of the solar eclipse on the observed geomagnetic field has proved subtle to be detected. Instead of exploring the geomagnetic field as a case study, we analyze 207 geomagnetic manifestations acquired by 100 geomagnetic observatories during 39 solar eclipses occurring from 1991 to 2016. As a result of examining a pattern of the geomagnetic field variation on average, we confirm that the effect can be seen over an interval of 180?min centered at the time of maximum eclipse on a site of a geomagnetic observatory. That is, demonstrate an increase in the Y component of the geomagnetic field and decreases in the X component and the total strength of the geomagnetic field. We also find that the effect can be overwhelmed, depending more sensitively on the level of daily geomagnetic events than on the level of solar activity and/or the phase of solar cycle. We have demonstrated it by dividing the whole data set into subsets based on parameters of the geomagnetic field, solar activity, and solar eclipses. It is suggested, therefore, that an evidence of the solar eclipse effect can be revealed even at the solar maximum, as long as the day of the solar eclipse is magnetically quiet.     

跨产品结构树的产品工装数据组织与关联设计方法

深入研究了CATIA/VPM并行协同设计环境下产品与工装之间的数据组织管理及相应的关联设计技术,提出了跨产品结构树的产品工装数据组织管理及关联设计方法。该技术既是对现有全三维关联设计技术的进一步探索,又为实现产品工装一体化设计提供了一条可行的解决途径,具有重要的应用价值和现实意义。     

数据仓库技术在决策支持系统的应用

简述了数据仓库,联机分析处理,数据挖掘的概念和技术,提出和实现了一种利用数据仓库技术及其工具,结合传统ＤＳＳ 的四库结构,设计和实现决策支持系统的新方法     

证券营业部常用数据备份方法浅析

分析了证券营业部常用的几种数据备份方法及其特点,总结出一套安全、可靠的备份方案供参考。     

DDS频率合成器AD9850原理及应用

"软件无线电"是实现无线通信的新思路,它是在通用的开放式无线电智能平台上,通过安装不同的软件来完成各种通信功能。文章引入"软件无线电"的设计思想,结合具体设计实例,论述了直接数字频率合成器AD9850的工作原理、特点及应用。