Comparisons of foF2 with IRI model and equatorial vertical drifts

Measurements of the critical frequency, foF2 recorded over Ibadan: 7.4°N, 3.9°E (geographic), 6°S (dip angle) have been compared with the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI-2007) model for solar maximum geomagnetically quiet conditions, with a view to determining what modifications might bring about better predictions for the model. Our results reveal that the present version of IRI essentially reproduces diurnal trends and the general features of the experimental observations for all seasons, except for nighttime June solstice periods, which the model seriously overestimated. The model errors ranging from 50% to 125% over the four seasons considered in this study. It is also indicated that the percentage relative deviations between the observed and the modeled values vary approximately from −11% to 12% (March), −34% to 11% (June), −16% to 12% (September), and −10% to 13% (December). An unexpected feature of foF2 is obvious and remarkable reduction in values during nighttime June solstice periods compared to that in other seasons. Relationship between equatorial vertical drift and foF2 is also investigated. However, cross correlation analysis reveals strong anti-correlation between vertical drift and critical frequency during the daytime hours, but exceptionally opposite is the case for the nighttime sector. The discrepancies which are noted, particularly during June solstice season are attributed to processes most likely within the thermosphere and from meteorological influences during quiet magnetic conditions.     

压力对有序Li1/2TiS2光学性质的影响

采用第一性原理的平面波赝势方法和局域密度近似（LDA），计算了压力对Li1/2TiS2的形成能和光学性质的影响。研究发现，Li1/2TiS2体系在压强为3GPa时形成能最小，体系最稳定，之后体系的形成能随压力的增大而单调增大；随着压力的增大，导带向高能移动而价带向低能方向移动，体系费米能级上的态密度增大，各个态密度峰值降低且数目增多；光学参量峰值的位置与介电函数虚部的峰值位置很接近，随着压力增大，均向高能方向移动（蓝移），且峰值升高。     

Equatorial total electron content (TEC) at low and high solar activity

Total electron content (TEC) derived from ionosonde data recorded at the station of Korhogo (Lat = 9.33°N, Long = 5.43°W, Dip = 0.67°S) are compared to the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) model predicted TEC for high (1999) and low (1994) solar activity conditions. The results show that the model represents the diurnal variation of the TEC as well as a solar activity and seasonal dependence. This variation is closer to that of the ionosonde-inferred TEC at high solar activity. However, at low solar activity the IRI overestimates the ionosonde-inferred TEC. The relative deviation ΔTEC is more prominent in the equinoctial seasons during nighttime hours where it is as high as 70%. At daytime hours, the relative deviation is estimated to 0–30%.     

Progress towards a new global foF2 model for the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI)

A new neural network (NN) based global empirical model for the foF2 parameter, which represents the peak electron density has been developed using extended temporal and spatial geophysical relevant inputs. The first results from this new model were presented at the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) 2006 workshop in Buenos Aires, Argentina, and showed that this new model would be a suitable replacement for the URSI and CCIR maps currently used within the IRI model for the purpose of F2 peak electron density predictions. Measured ground based ionosonde data, from 85 global stations, spanning the period 1995–2005 and, for a few stations from 1976 to 1986, obtained from various resources of the World Data Centre (WDC) archives (Space Physics Interactive Data Resource SPIDR, the Digital Ionogram Database, DIDBase, and IPS Radio and Space Services) have been used for training a NN.     

高超音速技术发展概述

简述了美国高超音速飞行器计划的研制背景,介绍了乘波者飞行器的构型特点与热应力松弛设计考虑,初步探讨了高超音速验证飞行器的典型代表X-51A和HTV-2验证飞行失败的原因与遇到的技术困难。     

部件冷却对二元俯仰矢量排气系统红外特征抑制实验

实验测试了采用中心锥气膜冷却和喷管冲击-气膜冷却的二元俯仰（2D-CD）矢量排气系统,在几何偏转0,10,20°三种角度下,壁面温度和红外辐射特征分布,并与未冷却状态进行了对比分析。结果表明:前密后疏的气膜孔排布形式可有效减小热侧面高温区域大小。中心锥冷却时,密流比为0.8条件下壁面冷却效率达45%~63%,排气系统尾向±10°范围内红外辐射强度下降20%;但是由于冷气流注入,导致下游壁面（隔热屏、喷管）温度升高,在30°探测方向上红外辐射强度上升15%。喷管冷却时,收敛段（密流比为0.25）冷却效率达19%~33%,扩张段（密流比为0.65）冷却效率达75.5%~83.5%,侧壁段（密流比为0.65）冷却效率达78%~90%,导致在排气系统尾向15°~75°范围内,红外辐射强度下降30%以上,最大降幅达80%（几何偏转20°,宽边探测面30°探测方向）。      

二维波动板流动显示方法研究

介绍了在水洞中进行的二维波动板周围流场的流动显示实验。通过氢气泡、粒子示踪法和粒子成像速度仪三种方法定量和定性地显示了二维波动板周围的流场结构。揭示了特征参数C／U与流场特性的关系,探讨了鱼类波状摆动对流动分离的抑制机理。同时还对三种不同的流动显示技术进行了探讨。     

肥皂膜水洞实验技术

介绍了一种新型的实验装置——肥皂膜水洞,该装置为研究二维流体力学问题提供了便利条件,干涉法可用来对流场进行流动显示实验。笔者运用这套系统对双圆柱绕流和栅格湍流进行了初步探讨。     

ZrO2对C/Al2O3陶瓷多功能复合材料性能的影响

采用基体改性的方法,向AlCl3溶胶中添加ZrO2粉,制得含ZrO2的C/Al2O3复合材料,探讨了添加ZrO2对C/Al2O3多功能复合材料性能的影响.结果表明添加少量的ZrO2,可产生基体的相变及在基体内产生微裂纹,这可改善C/Al2O3陶瓷基体间界面性能,提高材料强度,降低材料热导率.同时对ZrO2添加量进行了优化处理,最终确定ZrO2的最佳含量为1%(质量分数),使材料强度值提高39%,材料热导率降低至0.902 W/(m·K)以下.     

球形收敛调节片推力矢量喷管的发展

球形收敛调节片喷管(SCFN)是一种正在研制中的先进的轴对称/非轴对称混合式推力矢量喷管。简述了它的发展现状并总结了其结构特点,并指出,它是一种具有发展潜力的推力矢量喷管。