SiC/MoSi2复合材料的磨损性能及磨损机理研究

采用扫描电镜和能谱仪观察并测定了SiC/MoSi2复合材料与CrWMn钢对磨试样的磨损表面、磨屑形貌及磨屑成分,研究了SiC/MoSi2复合材料与CrWMn钢摩擦副的干摩擦磨损性能和磨损机理。研究结果表明,第二相SiC的引入对MoSi2的磨损行为具有显著影响,改变了MoSi2的磨损过程,SiC/MoSi2复合材料的耐磨性较纯MoSi2大为提高;SiC/MoSi2复合材料与CrWMn钢摩擦副的主要磨损机制为氧化磨损,并伴有轻微粘着磨损。     

Theoretical simulation of electron density and temperature distribution at Indian equatorial and low latitude ionosphere

The electron density and temperature distribution of the equatorial and low latitude ionosphere in the Indian sector has been investigated by simultaneously solving the continuity, momentum and energy balance equations of ion and electron flux along geomagnetic field lines from the Northern to the Southern hemisphere. Model algorithm is presented and results are compared with the electron density and electron temperature measured in situ by Indian SROSS C2 satellite at an altitude of ∼500 km within 31°S–34°N and 75 ± 10°E that covers the Indian sector during a period of low solar activity. Equatorial Ionization Anomaly (EIA) observed in electron density, morning and afternoon enhancements, equatorial trough in electron temperature have been simulated by the model within reasonable limits of accuracy besides reproducing other normal diurnal features of density and temperature.     

Cowpeas and pinto beans: Performance and yields of candidate space crops in the laboratory biosphere closed ecological system

An experiment utilizing cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata L.), pinto beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and Apogee ultra-dwarf wheat (Triticum sativa L.) was conducted in the soil-based closed ecological facility, Laboratory Biosphere, from February to May 2005. The lighting regime was 13 h light/11 h dark at a light intensity of 960 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹, 45 mol m⁻² day⁻¹ supplied by high-pressure sodium lamps. The pinto beans and cowpeas were grown at two different planting densities. Pinto bean production was 341.5 g dry seed m⁻² (5.42 g m⁻² day⁻¹) and 579.5 dry seed m⁻² (9.20 g m⁻² day⁻¹) at planted densities of 32.5 plants m⁻² and 37.5 plants m⁻², respectively. Cowpea yielded 187.9 g dry seed m⁻² (2.21 g m⁻² day⁻¹) and 348.8 dry seed m⁻² (4.10 g m⁻² day⁻¹) at planted densities of 20.8 plants m⁻² and 27.7 plants m⁻², respectively. The crop was grown at elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide levels, with levels ranging from 300–3000 ppm daily during the majority of the crop cycle. During early stages (first 10 days) of the crop, CO₂ was allowed to rise to 7860 ppm while soil respiration dominated, and then was brought down by plant photosynthesis. CO₂ was injected 27 times during days 29–71 to replenish CO₂ used by the crop during photosynthesis. Temperature regime was 24–28 °C day/deg 20–24 °C night. Pinto bean matured and was harvested 20 days earlier than is typical for this variety, while the cowpea, which had trouble establishing, took 25 days more for harvest than typical for this variety. Productivity and atmospheric dynamic results of these studies contribute toward the design of an envisioned ground-based test bed prototype Mars base.     

Long-term observations of the trapped high-energy proton population (L < 4) by the NOAA Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellites (POES)

The Space Environment Monitor (SEM) onboard the NOAA POES satellites has been measuring the near-Earth charged particle environment since 1978, providing an extensive database that can be used for studying the long-term behavior of this population of trapped particles. POES stands for Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellite. These satellites orbit at ∼840 km altitude and at an inclination of 98°. The SEM-1 instrument was flown on the POES satellites beginning in 1978 with TIROS-N and NOAA-6 in 1979 and continuing to NOAA-14 launched in 1995 with the exception of NOAA-9 and NOAA-11 (NOAA-13 failed shortly after launch). Its replacement, SEM-2, has flown on the POES NOAA-15, -16, and -17 satellites (from 1998). Here we present the results of a study on the statistical variations of the high-energy trapped proton environment. Among the detectors in SEM, the four SEM-2 omni-directional proton detectors for energies >16 MeV, >36 MeV, >70 MeV, and >140 MeV provide the data most relevant to this study.     

Towards validation of SCIAMACHY lunar occultation NO2 vertical profiles

Vertical profiles of stratospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) have been retrieved from moderate resolution lunar occultation transmission spectra measured by Scanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIAMACHY) on board the European Environmental Satellite (ENVISAT). These measurements were taken over the high southern latitude of 50°–90° during the period of 2003–2005. To assess the accuracy of the retrieved NO₂ profiles, the SCIAMACHY nighttime NO₂ profiles were compared with NO₂ profiles retrieved from sunrise solar occultation spectra measured by the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) and the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiments II (SAGE II) using a photochemical correction model. The validation results show good agreement of SCIAMACHY lunar occultation NO₂ with scaled HALOE and SAGE II profiles. The relative mean differences (rmd) with scaled HALOE profiles are within −13% to +5% and standard deviations (rms) of the relative differences are within 3–19% between 25 and 38 km. The rmd and rms with scaled SAGE II NO₂ profiles are in the range of −9 to +7 and 10–17% respectively between 22 and 39 km.     

TB_2─117A发动机日历时限研究

ＴＢ２－１１７Ａ发动机为米－８直升机动力装置，长期以来发动机寿命仅计算实际使用小时数，而不计算日历时限，这给飞行安全带来故障隐患且不符合适航条令。本文以我国进口米－８飞机长期领先使用数据及故障分析为基础，通过理论推导与计算，确定了一个安全可靠的日历时限。     

无人机编队支撑网络的协同通信中继策略

针对无人机编队支撑网络优化选择中继成员进而提高编队协同通信能力问题,基于端到端技术（Device-to-Device,D2D）,提出了一种同时考虑无人机编队成员的邻近域及编队成员间的社会性依存关系来优化选择中继成员的中继策略,旨在既能保证无人机编队的基本通信能力,又能同时优化提高编队的吞吐量,从而进一步提升编队支撑网络的整体性能。研究结果表明,所提的无人机编队支撑网络中继成员优化选择策略在系统吞吐量方面较已有方法具有明显优势。     

Fe2O3/CNTs复合粒子的制备及其对AP热分解催化性能的影响

以碳纳米管(CNTs)为载体,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Fe2O3/CNTs复合粒子,应用红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、X-ray衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线能谱(EDS)、比表面积分析仪(BET)等手段对产物的结构、形貌、粒度和比表面积进行表征,并用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)研究了纯CNTs、CNTs和Fe2O3简单混合、Fe2O3/CNTs复合粒子及不同比例Fe2O3/CNTs复合粒子对AP热分解的催化作用。结果表明,Fe2O3/CNTs复合粒子结晶好、包覆均匀、比表面积大。Fe2O3/CNTs复合粒子可显著降低AP热分解峰温,使总表观分解热明显增加,高温分解的表观活化能降低,热分解反应速率常数增加,表现出显著的催化效果。     

直升机两步法抗饱和控制

在执行机构饱和约束下,研究了直升机的全姿态控制和速度跟踪问题.提出了一种能适用直升机这样的开环不稳定系统的两步法抗饱和控制方法,即第1步在不考虑饱和约束下设计了直升机H_∞回路成形内外回路控制器,内回路实现直升机全姿态控制和通道解耦,外回路实现速度跟踪;第2步考虑饱和约束,设计抗饱和补偿器弱化饱和引起的闭环性能退化.证明了该抗饱和控制系统的L₂稳定性,并通过回路变换和乘数理论减少其保守性.对UH-60黑鹰直升机的仿真试验表明了该方法的有效性.      

SAMI2 model results for the quiet time low latitude ionosphere over India

Efficacy of SAMI2 model for the Indian low latitude region around 75°E longitudes has been tested for different levels of solar flux. With a slight modification of the plasma drift velocity the SAMI2 model has been successful in reproducing quiet time ionospheric low latitude features like Equatorial Ionization Anomaly. We have also showed the formation of electron hole in the topside equatorial ionosphere in the Indian sector. Simulation results show the formation of electron hole in the altitude range 800–2500?km over the magnetic equator. Indian zone results reveal marked differences with regard to the time of occurrence, seasonal appearances and strength of the electron hole vis-a-vis those reported for the American equatorial region.