直升机旋翼桨尖形状初步研究

直升机旋翼桨尖形状由简单的矩形改变为先进形状可改善直升机性能,降低旋翼产生的振动和噪声。本文在简介国内外直升机旋翼桨尖形状研究情况的基础上,着重叙述近期在南京航空学院直升机技术研究所旋翼台上进行的四种不同桨尖形状旋翼悬停性能初步试验研究,给出了试验结果及其分析。试验的四种桨尖是:(a)矩形桨尖;(b)后掠(或直线后掠)桨尖;(C)尖削桨尖,(d)后掠抛物桨尖。对于(b)、(c),后掠或尖削从 r=O.9R 处开始,而(d)后掠抛物从 r=o.85R 开始。文中给出了试验所得桨尖对拉力、功率、悬停效率的影响曲线,并进行了相应分析,试验及分析结果表明,桨尖形状的改进确实能提高旋翼的悬停效率,改善性能。尖削形状的旋翼拉力可提高6%以上,而悬停效率亦可提高5%。     

载荷谱型对疲劳损伤分布的影响

疲劳累积损伤分布规律是结构疲劳可靠性分析与设计的关键内容之一。本文考察了疲劳外载荷谱的谱型对疲劳累积损伤分布的影响，定义了任意载荷谱的等效增强和载荷谱的形状因子，给出了一个分析疲劳累积损伤分布的模型，讨论了载荷谱型与疲劳累积损伤分布之间的关系。数值模拟结果表明：谱强度描述了疲劳累积损伤的均值，载荷谱的形状因子描述了疲劳累积损伤的变异系数。     

Proposal of new models of the bottom-side B0 and B1 parameters for IRI

The time series of hourly electron density profiles N(h) obtained from 27 ionosonde stations distributed world-wide have been used to obtain N(h) average profiles on a monthly basis and to extract the expected bottom-side parameters that define the IRI profile under quiet conditions. The time series embrace the time interval from 1998 to 2006, which practically contains the entire solar cycle 23. The Spherical Harmonic Analysis (SHA) has been used as an analytical technique for modeling globally the B0 and B1 parameters as general functions on a spherical surface. Due to the irregular longitudinal distribution of the stations over the globe, it has been assumed that the ionosphere remains approximately constant in form for a given day under quiet conditions for a particular coordinate system. Since the Earth rotates under a Sun-fixed system, the time differences have been considered to be equivalent to longitude differences. The time dependence has been represented by a two-degree Fourier expansion to model the annual and semiannual variations and the year-by-year analyses of the B0 and B1 have furnished nine sets of spherical harmonic coefficients for each parameter. The spatial–temporal yearly coefficients have been further expressed as linear functions of Rz12 to model the solar cycle dependence. The resultant analytical model provides a tool to predict B0 and B1 at any location distributed among the used range of latitudes (70°N–50°S) and at any time that improves the fit to the observed data with respect to IRI prediction.     

整体壁板压弯成形的形状控制

针对整体壁板压弯成形过程中由于回弹导致的压弯成形精度低和不可控问题,提出整体壁板压弯成形形状控制方法。以铝合金（7050-T7451）机翼整体壁板为研究对象,设计了整体壁板缩比试件模型,基于弹塑性变形理论和几何分析建立了压弯成形局部变形下压量解析预测模型,基于有限元法建立了压弯成形整体变形有限元仿真预测模型,并将模拟结果与实验结果进行了对比;在压弯成形局部-整体变形预测模型的基础上,综合考虑局部-整体变形精度,利用迭代补偿机制与逐步逼近思想,构建了压弯成形轮廓曲线迭代模型。通过与传统的试错法进行对比,研究结果表明所提方法能够以更高的精度、更快的收敛速度有效控制压弯件的成形形状。     

Fracture Behavior of TiNi Based Shape Memory Alloy Cold-rolled Tube

The microstructures and interfacial characteristics of matrices at the inwalls and the out-walls of the cold-rolled tube with different amounts of deformation were investigated by the scanning electronic microscope (SEM), the optical microscope (OM), and the trans-mission electronic microscope (TEM) techniques. It was observed that as the amount of deformation increases, the flaws nucleate at the out-walls of the cold rolled tube, the stress-induced martensites change from (111 ) type Ⅰ twins to (011) type Ⅱ twins and then to (100) compound twins, nanocrystals and bulk amorphisation happen, the high density dislocation causes stress concentration at the out-walls of the Ti50Ni50 cold-rolled tube, and then precipitates its fracture, and the Ti2Ni particles strengthen the grain boundaries and curb the dislocation movements during plastic deformation. The inhomogeneity level of the grains in the Ti50Ni50 alloy plays an important role on the fracture of the Ti50Ni50 cold rolled tube.     

EVA的形状记忆功能探讨

首先对形状记忆功能高分子的特性进行了分析,提出了形状记忆性能的评价指标,即形状回复率、形状固定率、形状回复速度等.并进一步探讨了乙烯-醋酸乙烯基共聚物(EVA)的形状记忆功能特性,研究发现,用过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)可对EVA进行适度交联,控制二者组分结构,从而控制EVA的交联程度,可使EVA具有优异的记忆功能特性,如形状回复率和形状固定率均可达95%以上;进一步分析了EVA的化学结构,讨论了分子结构与形状记忆性能的影响,并结合DMTA等热分析技术,对交联EVA的交联密度进行计算,结果表明EVA的交联点间分子量随DCP用量增加而下降,并且其交联程度与EVA的记忆特性存在着某种内在的必然联系,进一步研究分析发现其形状固定性与室温和橡胶态模量的比值呈线性关系,初步揭示了形状记忆机理.     

形状记忆合金复合材料层板非线性有限元分析

将形状记忆合金埋入复合材料层合板中构成智能复合材料结构.在外载或热载的作用下,形状记忆合金将使复合后的材料内部和结构的应力、应变分布发生改变,并改变结构的形状.由于形状记忆合金的大变形带来非线性,本文利用具有几何非线性分析功能的复合材料板壳元对模型进行计算和分析,形状记忆合金的驱动效应等效为力学载荷.可得到较精确的结果.      

SMA超弹性系统在平稳随机激励下的响应预测

提出了一种简单的折线超弹性模型来描述SMA(Shape Memory Alloys)的力学特性,将其利用在等价线性化方法中,对SMA超弹性系统在随机激励下的响应进行了预测,预测结果和数值模拟方法的结果进行了对比,有较好的计算精度.该方法为解析方法,计算效率高,便于工程使用.      

一种形状自适应的嵌入式小波图像编码器

形状自适应的小波变换编码可以编码任意形状的物体,不但保持了物体的纹理信息,而且编码不会带来不必要的冗余.但是当对任意形状的物体进行小波变换时,会由于变换序列的长度、下采样位置的不同而带来一些变化.文章利用懒小波对任意形状的掩膜进行变换,并且采用9-7滤波器的提升小波形式,很好地解决了这些问题.最终通过修正的形状自适应的SPIHT算法,对任意形状物体的内部纹理进行编码压缩.与原始算法相比,性能提高了大约0.2 dB.      

防热瓦式防护系统缝隙热控设计规律

建立了热防护系统(Thermal protection system,TPS)缝隙气动热分析的计算流体动力学(Computational fluid dynamics,CFD)数值模型,将缝隙热流密度分布情况与平板热流进行了对比,结果表明由于缝隙的存在缝隙上端出现了热流峰值,并且缝隙迎风面热流密度大于背风面热流密度,缝隙热流密度主要集中在缝隙上端与缝隙宽度相当的区域内;采用分析获得的缝隙热流密度建立了缝隙热控分析的有限元传热模型,结果表明缝隙气动热和缝隙类空腔辐射会造成机体表面温度的升高,是造成缝隙热短路现象的原因;最后研究了缝隙几何形状(缝隙宽度、缝隙倒圆角以及缝隙台阶)对缝隙热控性能的影响,分析结果表明随缝隙宽度增加,机体表面最高温度升高。随缝隙倒圆角半径增加,机体表面最高温度降低。随缝隙台阶高度增加,台阶正差时机体表面最高温度升高,台阶逆差时机体表面最高温度降低。