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281.
由于装备研制项目广泛存在着技术风险,其预算成本难以用确定数描述,而现有挣值管理技术通常用确定数描述项目费用基线,忽视了项目的技术风险因素。为此,将技术风险引入挣值管理(EVM)方法,提出了一种装备研制项目的模糊挣值管理(FEVM)改进方法。该方法充分考虑了装备研制中的技术风险问题,利用技术成熟度(TRL)对项目计划成本进行估算,在此基础上,利用模糊数学理论,给出了一种基于可能度的高风险项目的成本和进度的模糊评价标准,并对项目的完工成本(ECC)和完工时间(ECT)进行了模糊预测。最后,通过案例对文中的方法进行了阐述。该方法针对装备研制项目技术风险大的特点,进一步拓展了挣值管理的适用性,对于决策者控制风险、保证项目的费用和进度具有一定指导意义和参考价值。 相似文献
282.
283.
This investigation studies the effect of trailing-edge scalloping on the lift and drag force coefficients of flat, membrane wings that vibrate at low Reynolds numbers (<61,000). A series of rigid, flat plate frames with moderate aspect ratio and repeating membrane cell structure were studied and compared to a rigid plate and a rigid scalloped plate. Lift and drag measurements were acquired using an external force-balance; flow fluctuation measurements were captured with a hot-wire. Results showed that the size and aspect ratio of the latex cell had a greater impact on lift than scalloping and that scalloping had a greater effect on drag than the cell aspect ratio. Compared to the solid wings, the membrane wings exhibited higher lift and drag coefficients, likely due to both effective cambering and dynamic interaction with the free shear layer. While trailing-edge scalloping decreased both the lift and drag coefficients relative to no scalloping, the greater effect was on drag, thus, increasing aerodynamic efficiency. The maximum lift-to-drag ratio was attained for a 25% scallop with a repeating cell aspect ratio of one. A unique nondimensional scaling of the membrane vibration peak frequency is also presented. 相似文献
284.
D.K. Sharma M.S. Khurana Jagdish Rai 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2011
The data on thermal fluctuations of the topside ionosphere have been measured by Retarding Potential Analyser (RPA) payload aboard the SROSS-C2 satellite over the Indian region for half of the solar cycle (1995–2000). The data on solar flare has been obtained from National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) Boulder, Colorado (USA) and other solar indices (solar radio flux and sunspot number) were download from NGDC website. The ionospheric electron and ion temperatures show a consistent enhancement during the solar flares. The enhancement in the electron temperature is 28–92% and for ion temperature it is 18–39% compared to the normal day’s average temperature. The enhancement of ionospheric temperatures due to solar flares is correlated with the variation of sunspot and solar radio flux (F10.7cm). All the events studied in the present paper fall in the category of subflare with almost same intensity. The ionospheric electron and ion temperatures enhancement have been compared with the IRI model values. 相似文献
285.
本文采用有限差分法求解非定常修正Reynolds方程,采用四阶Runge-Kutta法求发磁头滑块的动力方程组,分别计算出磁头滑块受到冲击或飞越各种障碍物时的动态响应,较全面地反映了磁头滑块的动态时域特性。 相似文献
286.
《中国航空学报》2020,33(3):805-825
Aeroacoustic pressure oscillation is one of the important challenges in segmented solid rocket motors with high slenderness ratio. The reason for these oscillations can be searched in vortex shedding due to grain burning surfaces, holes and slots. In this paper, a novel sub-scaled motor was used for evaluation of aeroacoustic pressure oscillations. First, the related parameters to scale down using Buckingham’s Pi-theorem were determined and then the sub-scaled motor was designed and manufactured. After this, Strouhal number in various grain forms and vortex shedding prediction criteria have been discussed. Then, one-dimensional linear and non-linear solution approaches have been presented. To understand the motor internal flow and vortex shedding formation, steady state computational fluid dynamic performed for seven regression steps and finally, two static tests have been performed. Results show that various definitions for Strouhal number are useful only for primarily glance on vortex shedding and pressure oscillations and so CFD solution and the test program are inevitable for a correct understanding of the ballistic operational condition of the motor. Experimental results demonstrated the existence of such oscillations with frequencies nearly equal to axial modes. It seems that non-linear parameters have small effects on aeroacoustic pressure oscillation and therefore the linear solution is acceptable to obtain approximate data. Of course, it should be emphasized that linear solution represents oscillations on overall motor action time, whereas the output of non-linear solution depends on thermochemistry properties of solid propellant and combustion products. Therefore, with a non-linear solution, oscillations maybe occur in some intervals of action time. FFT (Fast Fourier Transformation) results demonstrated that although both first and second acoustic modes have been excited, the position of longitudinal oscillation has an important role on which one is dominant. 相似文献
287.
NACA0012翼型低雷诺数绕流的实验研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
通过水槽氧气泡流动显示和PIV测速实验研究了NACA0012翼型在雷诺数为8200时的流动特性,重点炎注了翼型绕流结构随迎角的变化。研究发脱:分离点和分离翦切层形成旋涡的位置随迎角的增大而向上游移动,同时翼型上表面流动分离后形成的回流区尺寸随着翼利迎角的增加而增大。当流动再附于翼型上表面时,在再附点附近能够观测到展向涡的三维演化过程,并能观测到展向涡的局部配对现象。 相似文献
288.
289.
为研究双模态超燃冲压发动机的燃烧室一隔离段共同工作过程,分析不同模态下燃烧室对隔离段的性能需求,在基于集总参数方程的超燃冲压发动机性能计算模型的基础上,提出计算燃烧室一隔离段流量平衡的临界能量法,并编制相应的计算程序,实现双模态超燃冲压发动机各种模态的隔离段和燃烧室的流量平衡计算,计算在不同的模态下隔离段和燃烧室的一维流动参数,进而获得隔离段的性能需求,计算飞行马赫数4.0到7.0时的临近堵塞边界的最大供油量与隔离段最大激波链长度。结果表明:临界能量法正确有效,能完成燃烧室一隔离段流量匹配计算;高飞行马赫数下的堵塞模态的隔离段激波链长度较长,应作为隔离段的工程设计中所参考的重要因素。 相似文献
290.
Study on ballistic penetration resistance of titanium alloy TC4, Part II: Numerical analysis 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Enhancing containment capability and reducing weight are always great concerns in the design of casings. Ballistic tests can help to mitigate a catastrophic event after a blade out, yet taking time and costing money. A wise way is to hunt for a validated numerical simulation technology, through which the material dynamic behavior over the strain rate range in the ballistic tests should be represented and reasonable failure strain should be defined. The simulation results show that the validation of the numerical simulation technology based on the test data can accurately estimate the absorption energy, describe the physical process and failure mode during the penetration, as well as the failure mechanism. It is found that energy dissipation of projectiles is in manner of compression stage, energy conversion stage, and interactive scrap stage. An effect indicator is proposed, where the factors of critical velocity including impact orientation and mass of projectiles and thickness of casings are considered. The critical velocity presents a linear relation with the effect indicator, which implies the critical velocity obtained by the flat casing could underestimate the capability of the real casing. 相似文献