多元高温合金固溶极限预测

综合考虑了溶质元素与基体元素的原子半径、电负性以及外层电子数的立方根对溶质元素固溶度的影响，推导出二元合金的固溶度定量方程，提出了多元高温合金固溶极限曲线的预测新方法，并将其应用于计算镍基和钴基三元合金相图的γ／（γ＋σ）相界和γ（γ＋μ）相界。结果表明，计算的固溶极限曲线与已知相图的固溶极限曲线较吻合，与Ｍｄ值法计算的相界比较，该方法具有较高的精度。     

基于AOE网的过站航班保障进程优化

航班地面保障是机场运行的重要环节，为了提升航班地面保障效率，针对某机场航班地面保障流程构建AOE 网，通过该机场A-CDM 系统记录的航班节点数据求出该机场航班地面保障作业的“关键路径”。通过对关键路径上可压缩工序的分析，对该机场的地面保障作业流程进行优化。以我国西南地区某机场航班地面保障的实际数据为基础，剔除不可抗力造成的不正常数据，分别计算保障流程优化前后的航班过站时间。结果表明：在33 组航班数据中，该机场使用AOE 网络优化后的保障作业流程比优化前平均减少地面保障作业时长6.1 分钟/架次，说明通过合理地优化航班地面保障进程，可以有效提高机场的运行效率。     

Three dimensional investigation of the shock train structure in a convergent–divergent nozzle

Three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics analyses have been employed to study the compressible and turbulent flow of the shock train in a convergent–divergent nozzle. The primary goal is to determine the behavior, location, and number of shocks. In this context, full multi-grid initialization, Reynolds stress turbulence model (RSM), and the grid adaption techniques in the Fluent software are utilized under the 3D investigation. The results showed that RSM solution matches with the experimental data suitably. The effects of applying heat generation sources and changing inlet flow total temperature have been investigated. Our simulations showed that changes in the heat generation rate and total temperature of the intake flow influence on the starting point of shock, shock strength, minimum pressure, as well as the maximum flow Mach number.     

Monthly mean foF2 model for an African low-latitude station and comparison with IRI

We have employed the hourly values of the ionospheric F-region critical frequency (foF2) obtained from Ouagadougou ionosonde, Burkina Faso (geographic coordinates 12° N, 1.8° W) during the interval of 1985–1995 (solar cycle 22) and solar radio flux of 10 cm wavelength (F10.7) to develop a local model (LM) for the African low-latitude station. The model was developed from regression analysis method, using the two-segmented regression analysis. We validated LM with foF2 data from Korhogo observatory, Cote d’Ivorie (geographical coordinates 9.3° N, 5.4° W). LM as well as the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) agrees well with observations. LM gave some improvement on the IRI-predicted foF2 values at the sunrise (06 LT) at all solar flux levels and in all seasons except June solstice. The performance of the models at the representing the salient features of the equatorial foF2 was presented. Considering daytime and nighttime performances, LM and IRI are comparable in low solar activity (LSA), LM performed better than IRI in moderate solar activity (MSA), while IRI performed better than LM in high solar activity (HSA). CCIR has a root mean square error (r.m.s.e), which is only 0.10 MHz lower than that of LM while LM has r.m.s.e, which is about 0.05 MHz lower than that of URSI. In general, our result shows that performance of IRI, especially the CCIR option of the IRI, is quite comparable with the LM. The improved performance of IRI is a reflection of the numerous contributions of ionospheric physicists in the African region, larger volume of data for the IRI and the diversity of data sources, as well as the successes of the IRI task force activities.     

Interference-free wind tunnel testing of jet propelled missiles

Wind tunnel evaluation of the aerodynamic interaction effects between plume and the external flow past the missile body including the wake boundary (“slipstream”) over powered flight envelopes of rocket propelled vehicles can be greatly facilitated — or even made possible — by a methodology replacing the hot propellant by cold, inert gases. Model nozzle design is based on the second order matching of plume geometry and first order modeling of plume stiffness. Since modeled nozzles will have larger throat radii than the prototypes, one can use sting-supported, sting-fed model installations thus eliminating aerodynamic interference effects due to struts. The concepts of simulated altitude and simulated full-scale Reynolds Number greatly reduce wind tunnel occupancy time. Computer programs, covering all steps of evaluating prototype nozzle performance, model sting nozzle design, model test evaluation and interpretation have been developed. The modeling methodology is supported by experimental results obtained in an induction wind tunnel at the FFA, Bromma, Sweden and in the 16 T and VKF-A altitude tunnels at AEDC, Tullahoma, Tenn.     

低雷诺数下高负荷轴流压气机表面粗糙度流动调控机制

以某1.5级高负荷轴流压气机为研究对象,采用经过校核的数值模拟手段详细探究了低雷诺数下表面粗糙度对其气动性能及内部流场的影响.结果表明:相比于光滑叶片,表面粗糙度为137.8时压气机性能提升最为明显,总压比、堵塞流量以及峰值效率分别提升4.01％、2.24％、5.34％.在整个表面粗糙度大小范围内,表面粗糙度布置在吸力...     

双级高压涡轮气动性能试验状态模化方法

针对双级高压气冷涡轮的低温试验状态模化方法，对以空气为工质、基于不同相似准则数的试验模化状态的流场相似 性进行数值仿真。结果表明：对于有冷气试验模化方法，采用出口马赫数与设计状态一致的模化方法可获得相似性较好的试验状 态流场，此时反力度、载荷系数、马赫数均能保证良好的相似性，主要相似准则数偏差不超过5%；对于无冷气试验模化方法，保持 涡轮几何不变并增大膨胀比使得等熵速比与设计状态的一致，或通过改变叶片数保证各排出口马赫数与设计状态的一致，均能显 著改善无冷气模化状态与设计状态的流场相似性。其中前者反力度相似性接近98%，而后者载荷系数和马赫数的相似性达到了 同样水平，但破坏了模型的几何相似。     

Increase in fish abundance during two typhoons in the South China Sea

A fish monitoring program was conducted in the northern region of the South China Sea from March 2009 to December 2010. During this period, two typhoons, GONI and Koppu, hit this region consecutively in August and September 2009. The fish and satellite data were analyzed to understand the influence of the typhoons on fish activities. The results showed that the fish species number (FSN) increased by approximately 14.29% and 14.81% after the two typhoons, GONI and Koppu, respectively. The five increased fish species included three estuarine species and two shallow sea species. However, one shallow sea species was also absent. In the nearshore (near the Pearl River Estuary) and offshore (along the typhoon’s track) regions after GONI, the FSN increased by approximately 24% (nearshore) and 52.63% (offshore), with estuarine species accounting for 42.86% (nearshore) and 33.33% (offshore) of the fish species; after Koppu, the FSN increased by approximately 15.38% (nearshore) and 163.64% (offshore), with estuarine species accounting for 60% (nearshore) and 26.32% (offshore) of the fish species. In the increased records, small and medium-sized fish species were dominant nearshore, and small fish species were dominant offshore. The FSN increased to a maximum value between the 5th and the 10th days after the typhoon nearshore and between the 3rd and 8th days after the typhoon offshore. The results indicated that river discharge, triggered by the typhoon’s nearshore rainfall, as well as offshore upwelling nutrients, also triggered by the typhoons, and may have played important roles in the variability of fish species. This research found that the increase in the FSN was associated with the typhoons in the northern South China Sea.     

应用低温风洞模拟热喷流

应用低温风洞模拟热喷流,是喷流模拟技术一大进步。本文讨论了喷流模拟相似参数,分析了现有冷喷和热喷技术不足,指出应用低温风洞模拟喷流的基本优点,研究表明,通过选择不同组成和组分的喷流模拟气,低温风洞可实现喷流全参数完全模拟。