去中心化时差频差直接定位方法

针对原始利用时差频差的直接定位(DPD)方法存在数据传输量和计算量大的瓶颈,提出了两种去中心化直接定位方法。第1种方法采用去中心化配对方案,只将各观测站截获信号在站间进行一次传输,将数据传输和计算分散到各观测站间并行计算互模糊函数(CAF),构造仅满足满秩条件的互模糊矩阵(CAM)。第2种方法根据推导的任意互模糊函数间关系公式,采用归约方式去中心化的在各观测站并行计算余下互模糊函数,补全互模糊矩阵。两种方法都降低了直接定位数据传输量,提高了计算效率。性能分析和仿真实验表明本文两种方法精度性能优于两步定位方法,在低信噪比时两种方法都可达到比较理想的精度性能,在高信噪比时第2种方法与原始直接定位方法的精度性能相当。     

2D雷达组网中目标高度估计误差的Cramér-Rao限

 在由2坐标雷达组成的雷达网中,推导了目标高度估计误差的CRLB(Cram&;#225;r-Rao限),并通过不同条件下的数值计算得到了一些结论。结果表明,目标高度估计误差的CRLB既与雷达的测角误差有关,也与目标和2个雷达站形成的夹角有关系,雷达配置在不同的高度上有利于目标高度估计的收敛性。这些结论对于2坐标雷达组网以及雷达网中的传感器管理具有指导意义。     

A direct position determination method with combined TDOA and FDOA based on particle filter

The localization of a stationary transmitter using moving receivers is considered. The original Direct Position Determination (DPD) methods, with combined Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) and Frequency Difference of Arrival (FDOA), do not perform well under low Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), and worse still, the computation cost is difficult to accept when the computational capabilities are limited. To get better positioning performance, we present a new DPD algorithm that proves to be more computationally efficient and more precise for weak signals than the conventional approach. The algorithm partitions the signal received with the same receiver into multiple non-overlapping short-time signal segments, and then uses the TDOA, the FDOA and the coherency among the short-time signals to locate the target. The fast maximum likelihood estimation, one iterative method based on particle filter, is designed to solve the problem of high computation load. A secondary but important result is a derivation of closed-form expressions of the Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB). The simulation results show that the algorithm proposed in this paper outperforms the traditional DPD algorithms with more accurate results and higher computational efficiency, and especially at low SNR, it is more close to the CRLB.     

一种频域插值变化迭代频率估计方法

针对现有频率估计算法存在的复杂度高、频率估计能力弱、估计结果均方差大等缺点,在固定迭代AM（Aboutanios—Mulgrew）无偏频率估计算法基础上,提出一种频域插值变化迭代频率估计算法,推导了不同迭代参数实现无偏估计的充分条件,证明了有偏估计时本算法的收敛性和偏离度,通过设置不同迭代参数,可以实现无偏或有偏估计。仿真分析表明：当具有较高信噪比时,在整个频率估计范围内,该方法均方误差接近CRLB（Cramer-RaoLowerBound,克拉美一罗下限）;当FFT（FastFourierTransform,快速傅里叶变换）粗估计残余频率接近0．5时,该方法的均方误差优于CRLB,为CRLB的96％。     

一种单星仅测TOA无源定位方法

因单星测向定位体制存在系统构成复杂、对卫星载荷和姿态要求高等问题,提出 一种单个低轨卫星仅测脉冲到达时间（TOA）实现对地表静止辐射源无源定位的方法。在研 究仅测脉冲TOA估计径向加速度的基础上,提出采用网格搜索法进行定位的方法。推导得到 了该方法定位误差的克拉美-罗下限（CRLB）及对于不同位置辐射源的定位误差几何分布（G DOP）,并分析了该方法的可实现性。理论和仿真分析表明,该方法实现简单,适用范围广 ,定位性能满足实际需求。
     

线性分组码不可检错误概率新的下限

线性分组码的不可检错误概率是评价自动请求重传(ARQ)系统的重要参数。不可检错误概率的计算涉及码的重量分布,而大部分码的重量分布还不知道,因此,研究不可检错误概率的限显得非常重要。本文得到了GF()上(n,k)线性分组码不可检错误概率的两个新的下限,在一定程度上,改进了Wolf等人的结果。由于新的限与码的重量结构无关,因此可以方便地估计任何线性分组码的不可检错误概率。     

UMR: A utility-maximizing routing algorithm for delay-sensitive service in LEO satellite networks

This paper develops a routing algorithm for delay-sensitive packet transmission in a low earth orbit multi-hop satellite network consists of micro-satellites. The micro-satellite low earth orbit(MS-LEO) network endures unstable link connection and frequent link congestion due to the uneven user distribution and the link capacity variations. The proposed routing algorithm,referred to as the utility maximizing routing(UMR) algorithm, improve the network utility of the MS-LEO network for carrying flows with strict end-to-end delay bound requirement. In UMR, first, a link state parameter is defined to capture the link reliability on continuing to keep the end-to-end delay into constraint; then, on the basis of this parameter, a routing metric is formulated and a routing scheme is designed for balancing the reliability in delay bound guarantee among paths and building a path maximizing the network utility expectation. While the UMR algorithm has many advantages, it may result in a higher blocking rate of new calls. This phenomenon is discussed and a weight factor is introduced into UMR to provide a flexible performance option for network operator. A set of simulations are conducted to verify the good performance of UMR, in terms of balancing the traffic distribution on inter-satellite links, reducing the flow interruption rate,and improving the network utility.     

基于声波传播时间估计的气流速度测量方法

 为实现对亚声速和超声速气流速度的统一测量,提出了一种基于声传感器的新型测量方法。首先,根据声波在亚声速和超声速气流中的传播特性,利用特定的测量装置建立了声波传播时间与气流速度之间的数学模型,从而将气流速度的测量问题转化为声波传播时间的测量问题。然后,在此基础上,利用计时法和最大似然估计(MLE)方法来估计声波传播时间;其中,计时法在实时性上优势明显,而MLE方法则在可靠性上优于前者。最后,分别从阵元位置扰动性、计时误差和克拉美-罗界(CRB)3个方面对所提算法的性能进行了分析与仿真验证。结果表明,该算法能够实现对亚声速和超声速气流速度的精确测量。     

系统误差条件下的多运动站无源定位性能分析

 系统误差的存在可能对无源定位的性能带来较大影响。针对多运动站得到的含有系统误差的观测量信息,推导了定位误差的克拉美-罗下限(CRLB)。首先根据具体系统误差模型推导测量误差的统计信息,然后根据系统误差导致不同时刻观测量相关的特点,将非对角矩阵的误差协方差矩阵写为分块矩阵的形式,并在此基础上推导其递推计算式,最后以系统误差情况下多运动站只测角无源定位为例进行定位性能的仿真分析。仿真结果表明系统误差的存在对定位误差CRLB影响较大,在定位中需要重点考虑。