预腐蚀疲劳退化加速因子研究

考虑预腐蚀对材料疲劳性能的影响,以疲劳强度作为腐蚀量,给出了考虑预腐蚀疲劳退化的加速腐蚀因子的定义和表达式,并结合疲劳分析方法,以细节疲劳额定值(DFR)作为疲劳强度的衡量,给出了预腐蚀条件下的DFR确定方法,通过加速环境和实际服役环境下DFR随预腐蚀时间退化规律的对比分析,建立基于DFR的加速腐蚀因子,并进行参数估计,最后,给出了LY12CZ铝合金试件在典型环境下的加速腐蚀因子取值.      

模化比对直升机用红外抑制器红外辐射特性的影响

对波瓣喷管一弯曲混合管构成的直升机用红外抑制器壁面和尾焰的红外辐射特性进行了一系列的数值研究,旨在将三维流场数值计算、壁温计算与红外辐射计算结合起来综合分析抑制器红外辐射特性,与相关实验数据的对比验证表明计算结果与实验结果仅相差15%左右,且红外辐射强度空问分布规律一致;通过对不同缩比模型的数值计算,揭示了模化比对壁面及尾焰的红外辐射特性的影响规律:(1)几何相似的红外抑制器在主流入口速度、温度相同时,壁面红外辐射强度与几何模化比的2次方成正比;(2)尾焰红外辐射强度与几何模化比的2.32次方成正比.      

粘性耗散对微管内部液体温升影响的实验研究

以去离子水为工质,流经内径分别为19.6μm和44.2μm石英管,实验研究了粘性耗散对微管内部流动的影响.采用微区热成像技术,使用红外成像仪加特种放大镜头测量了微管内部由于粘性耗散导致的温升△T,同时测量到相应的压降与流量,从而获得摩擦因子f、△T及雷诺数Re的关系.研究表明,在低Re数下,f的值与HagenPoiseuille理论预测值几乎一致;随着Re数的增大,工质与微管为壁面之间高的速度梯度引起粘性耗散导致工质温升,进而使得f的实验值增加.f的实验值与Hagen-Poiseuille理论预测的最大偏差达到15%~20%.     

Frictional resistance of supercritical pressure RP-3 flowing in a vertically downward tube at constant heat fluxes

Based on the demands of compact heat exchangers and micro cooling channels applied for aviation thermal protection, the flow resistance characteristics of aviation kerosene RP-3 were experimentally studied in a vertically downward circular miniature tube with an inner diameter of 1.86 mm at supercritical pressures and constant heat fluxes. A long and short tube method was used to accurately calculate the frictional pressure drop, and experimental conditions are supercritical pressures of 4 MPa, mass flow rates of 2–4 g/s (i.e., mass fluxes of 736–1472 kg/(m²?s)), heat fluxes of 100–500 kW/m², and inlet temperatures of 373–673 K. Results show that the sharp variations of thermophysical properties, especially density, have significant influences on frictional resistances. Generally, the frictional pressure drop and the friction factor increase with increasing inlet temperatures, and this trend speeds up in the relatively high-temperature region. However, the friction factor has a sudden decline when the fuel outlet temperature exceeds the pseudo-critical temperature. The frictional pressure drop and the friction factor basically remain unchanged with increasing heat flux when the inlet temperature is relatively low, but increase quickly when the inlet temperature is relatively high. Besides, a larger mass flux yields a higher pressure drop but does not necessarily yield a higher friction factor. Finally, an empirical friction factor correlation is proposed and shows better predictive performance than those of previous models.     

航天器分子污染计算方法综述

随着对航天器长寿命、高可靠、高性能要求的不断提高,污染逐渐成为影响任务成功的重要因素之一。数值模拟是评估分子污染的主要手段之一。文章对航天器分子污染计算方法进行了总结,详细介绍了污染源、污染沉积及效应、污染传输的模型以及计算方法。     

含行星架裂纹故障的行星齿轮箱振动仿真

为深入了解行星架裂纹故障振动频谱结构,提出一种考虑时变传递路径和行星轮系载荷非均匀分配的振动仿真模型。根据裂纹导致的行星轮角位移函数,分析了行星轮角位移对行星轮系载荷分配特性的影响,仿真分析了行星架裂纹导致的行星轮角位移和行星轮系载荷非均匀分配下的频谱边带结构。仿真结果表明：行星轮个数为3时,边频带仅受行星轮角位移影响,随行星轮个数增加到4、5时,频谱边带受行星轮角位移和载荷分配共同影响,阶比谱出现以行星架旋转阶次为间隔的调制边带成分。通过对比行星轮个数为3的齿轮箱仿真与实测信号的阶比谱边带结构,验证了模型的有效性。     

中国不同地区剩余臭氧及臭氧探空订正因子

根据中国不同地点臭氧探空数据,研究气球炸点臭氧浓度定值（CMR）法、卫星（SBUV和MLS）纬向平均法确定的剩余臭氧Ω_res及其对订正因子C_ref的影响,同时检验臭氧垂直分布对C_ref的贡献.结果显示： CMR法对气球炸点高度依赖性明显,且易高估Ω_res使C_ref整体低于100%;卫星纬向平均Ω_res对气球炸点高度不敏感,但在中国东部的臭氧总量高值区或青藏高原及低纬度臭氧低值地区,Ω_res呈现近10DU以上低值,这是经向臭氧总量及其垂直分布差异在卫星遥感数据上的反映.地面到100hPa的对流层臭氧（Ω_tro）,100~10hPa的平流层臭氧（Ω_str）以及10hPa以上的Ω_res对C_ref贡献平均分别为（16±3.4）%,（65±2.3）%,（19±3.3）%.表明基于C_ref评估或订正探空仪平流层臭氧测值时,需考虑对流层臭氧及确定Ω_res方法的影响.卫星纬向平均法,特别是近似实测的SBUV臭氧廓线的值适用于确定Ω_res.

     

Three-dimensional cooperative guidance strategy and guidance law for intercepting highly maneuvering target

Cooperative interception of the target with strong maneuverability by multiple missiles with weak maneuverability in the three-dimensional nonlinear model is studied. Firstly, the three-dimensional nonlinear model of cooperative guidance is established. The three-dimensional reachable region is represented composed of lateral acceleration and longitudinal acceleration in the two-dimensional coordinate system. Secondly, the problem of the multiple missile's reachable coverage area is transformed into the problem of cooperative coverage. A cooperative coverage strategy is proposed and an algorithm for quickly calculating the number of required missiles is designed. Then, the guidance law based on the cooperative coverage strategy is proposed, and it is proved that cooperative interception of the target can be achieved under the acceleration limit. Moreover, the relations among the number of missiles, the initial array position of terminal guidance and the coverage area of the target’s large maneuver are analyzed. The dynamic adjustment strategy of guidance parameters is proposed to reduce the guidance error. Finally, simulation results show that multiple missiles with low maneuverability can achieve effective interception of target with strong maneuverability through the proposed cooperative strategy and cooperative guidance method.     

小天体动能撞击防御中动量传递因子敏感参数分析

动量传递因子 $ \beta $ 是评估动能撞击效果的重要参量。根据动能撞击过程中动量传递因子的理论模型,分析了撞击器特性参数和小天体结构特性参数对动量传递因子取值的影响,并对不同动能撞击方案以及不同材料特性小天体的成坑效应和动量传递因子进行分析。研究表明：标度律参数 $ \mu $ 对 $ \beta $ 影响较大, $ \mu $ 是地面实验拟合得到的系数,与材料强度特性相关;当小天体为单体岩石结构时,撞击器速度及密度、小天体密度及表面强度对 $ \beta $ 影响较大,而撞击器半径和小天体引力对 $ \beta $ 影响较小;当小天体为碎石堆结构时, $ \beta $ 对撞击器特性参数和小天体特性参数不敏感,且数值较小。对三种不同动能撞击方案的成坑效应与动量传递因子形成规律进行研究,发现撞击器初始动能对 $ \beta $ 影响较大。当小天体为单体岩石结构时,其对应的动量传递因子取值较大,而当小天体为碎石堆结构时,其对应的 $ \beta $ 取值较小且基本不变。对相同动能撞击方案下不同材料特性小天体（C型、S型和X型小行星）产生的撞击效应进行分析,发现在引力主导时,βC>βS >βX,而在强度主导时 $ \beta $ 取值较小且基本相同。     

Nonlinear modal electromechanical coupling factor for piezoelectric structures containing nonlinearities

Within the linear framework, the Modal Electromechanical Coupling Factor (MEMCF) is an important indicator to quantify the dynamic conversion of mechanical energy and electrical energy of piezoelectric structures. It is also an important tool to guide the piezoelectric damping design of linear structures. Advanced aircraft often fly in maneuvers, and the variable working conditions induce drastic changes in the load level on structures. Geometric and contact nonlinearities of thin-walled structures and joint structures are often activated. To achieve a good vibration reduction effect covering all working conditions, one cannot directly use linear electromechanical coupling theory to instruct the piezoelectric damping design for nonlinear structures. Therefore, this paper defines the Nonlinear Modal Electromechanical Coupling Factor (NMEMCF) and proposes the corresponding numerical method for the first time to quantitatively evaluate the electromechanical coupling capability of nonlinear piezoelectric structures. Three candidate definitions of the NMEMCF are given, including two frequency definitions and one energy definition. The energy definition is the most promising one. It is not only applicable to both conservative and dissipative nonlinear structures but also compatible with the linear MEMCF. In addition, based on the energy formula, the NMEMCF can be obtained by only performing one nonlinear modal analysis in the open-circuit state. The analytical findings and the numerical tool are validated against two piezoelectric structures with different types of nonlinearities. A strong correlation among the NMEMCF, geometric parameters, and energy dissipation is observed. The results confirm that the proposed NMEMCF captures the physics of the electromechanical coupling phenomenon associated with nonlinear piezoelectric structures and can be used as an essential design indicator of piezoelectric damping, especially for variable working conditions.