飞机静力试验中机翼的载荷分配研究

针对飞机静力试验加载的问题,为使得试验加载力反映飞机受力特性,由载荷分配前输入的典型剖面上剪力、弯矩、扭矩推导出相邻剖面之间的剪力、弯矩、扭矩,通过构造带内力约束的拉格朗日极值函数求出试验加载力,将载荷分配前输入的内力与试验载荷分配后产生的内力进行对比分析,可以得出:通过构造带内力约束的拉格拉日极值函数法分配得到的试验载荷符合载荷的传递,能够满足飞机静力试验加载的要求,可以用于飞机静力试验的加载。     

转子叶栅非同步振荡发声特性研究

轴流压气机转子叶片排振荡疲劳失效是常见的气动弹性失稳问题。当转子叶栅处于非同步振荡状态下时,压气机管道内部将伴随着异常噪声的产生,这类噪声的频率既不是分布在叶片通过频率及其谐波上,也不是分布在转子轴频率及其谐波上,同时也不满足简单多普勒效应。为了解释这种异常噪声现象,以三维升力面理论为基础,讨论叶片对其附近流体施加非定常载荷的发声问题,给出了转子叶栅振荡异常发声问题的物理解释,建立了声场频率及模态特性与转子声源特性的直接关系式,并给出了频率特性不同于叶片通过频率且不符合简单多普勒效应的完整解释。在此基础上,通过机理性实验研究证实了该模型的正确性。实验结果表明,理论预测声场的频率和周向模态特性与实验结果完全一致。     

简化微小液滴在超声速气流横向喷射中的运动探索

从研究超声速气流中简化液滴(刚性小球)的气动力着手,比较分析使用CFD方法与使用两相流理论中已有的颗粒阻力系数模型得到的简化液滴气动力结果,得出Charles B.Henderson给出的阻力系数经验关系式适用于计算简化液滴在超声速气流中的运动。进一步,对不同直径简化液滴的运动开展工程方法的计算。在来流Ma=2.7的二维平板超声速流场中选取一个截面,作为气相流场,结果显示:(1)简化液滴与主气流存在相对超声速运动,当简化液滴直径dk≤0.12mm时,纵向相对超声速运动区域约为0.15m~0.4m,当dk0.12mm时,作用区域明显增大;(2)以10m/s喷射出的简化液滴,其横向穿透深度与纵向运动距离比约为0.004m/1m~0.021m/1m;(3)以100m/s的速度喷射出的30~120μm直径简化液滴,其横向穿透深度与纵向运动距离比约为0.02m/1m~0.055m/1m,实际过程中,小尺寸简化液滴的汽化很快,其穿透深度很小。     

静压气体轴承气膜力及其与转子耦合动力学特性研究

针对静压气体轴承,进行三维实体建模,采用供气孔区域非结构化网格和非供气孔区域结构化网格相结合的网格划分方法;采用基于有限体积法的计算流体动力学(CFD)商业软件对三维稳态可压缩气体Navier-Stokes(N-S)方程进行求解;根据计算结果,通过数据拟合获得了考虑转子偏心和转速的静压气体轴承气膜支承力模型.基于有限元法建立了气体轴承-转子系统动力学模型,采用Newmark逐步积分法求解了系统的临界转速和不平衡响应.在此基础上进行实验测试,验证了数值仿真结果.研究结果表明:低速、小偏心下,气膜主支承力随偏心呈近似线性变化;高速、大偏心下,气膜主支承力急剧增大,气体轴承的动压效应显著增强;气膜x,y向耦合支承力随转速和偏心呈非线性变化;转子系统一、二阶临界转速对当前结构刚度变化比较敏感,而三阶临界转速对此不敏感.因此,气体轴承气膜支承力的非线性特性及其与转子耦合动力学特性较为复杂,在对气体轴承进行结构设计时,应充分考虑其与转子的耦合,合理设计工作转速范围.      

几种关于附面层分离主动控制方法机制的概述

随着飞机和发动机设计性能要求的不断提高,流体的主动控制变得越来越重要,并显出不可替代的作用。流体主动控制方式通过小尺度、局部的能量注入,特别是通过对临界点附近的控制来改变全场的流动结构,并且能够对复杂的动态系统进行精确的相位控制,所以在近年的流动控制领域变得非常活跃。本文对合成射流、等离子体、电磁体积力这些主动控制方法及其机制进行了详细的介绍,并得出结论：相对于被动控制方式,主动控制方式具有明显的优势。     

剪切气流驱动液滴运动的受力分析

实验研究了剪切流驱动的液滴在固体表面上起始运动的受力机理。工作中使用一系列液体和固体表面来获得不同的液滴接触角,并在小型风洞中进行实验。实验中对液滴的启动气流速度进行了测量,并综合各种起始时刻的参数信息,建立了一个关于液滴接触线表面张力和剪切气流拖拽力平衡的数学模型,揭示了液滴脱落时刻的受力情况。所建立的模型更适合液滴1变形情况,但对于其它类似情况的剪切气流驱动液滴运动也能够进行合理的描述。     

基于力场转换理论的图像粗大边缘检测方法

基于粗大边缘的异源图像匹配在导航制导等领域具有广阔的应用前景,但是现有边缘检测方法很难提取出异源图像中的粗大边缘.根据异源图像成像原理和灰度分布特点,提出一种基于力场转换理论的异源图像粗大边缘检测新方法.首先,根据引力概念计算图像中各像素点受到合力的大小和方向;其次,为了去除光照和异源图像灰度不同的影响,对图像中像素点...     

Grinding force and surface quality in creep feed profile grinding of turbine blade root of nickel-based superalloy with microcrystalline alumina abrasive wheels

Creep feed profile grinding of the fir-tree blade root forms of single crystal nickel-based superalloy was conducted using microcrystalline alumina abrasive wheels in the present study. The grinding force and the surface quality in terms of surface topography, subsurface microstructure, microhardness and residual stress obtained under different grinding conditions were evaluated comparatively. Experimental results indicated that the grinding force was influenced significantly by the competing predominance between the grinding parameters and the cross-sectional root workpiece profile. In addition, the root workpiece surface, including the root peak and valley regions, was produced with the large difference in surface quality due to the nonuniform grinding loads along the root workpiece profile in normal section. Detailed results showed that the surface roughness, subsurface plastic deformation and work hardening level of the root valley region were higher by up to 25%, 20% and 7% in average than those obtained in the root peak region, respectively, in the current investigation. Finally, the superior parameters were recommended in the creep feed profile grinding of the fir-tree blade root forms. This study is helpful to provide industry guidance to optimize the machining process for the high-valued parts with complicated profiles.     

Impact of bending dies with different friction forms on forming force and quality of tubes manufactured by free bending technology

In the 3D free bending forming system, the bending die can be designed either in a sliding type or rolling friction type. Bending die-based sliding friction type is often called normal bending dies; however, the bending dies-based rolling friction type includes bending die-based roller type and ball type in structure. In the current study, the impact of three bending dies on the forming force, and the bent tube quality was investigated. The obtained results showed that the tangential stresses and strains of the tubes formed by the bending die-based roller type were the smallest among the three bending dies. Besides, the spherical bearing force P_U was reduced drastically after using the roller type and ball type compared to the sliding friction type. Moreover, the uniformity of the wall thickness distribution of the tubes formed by the roller type and ball type was better than those obtained from the sliding friction type. In addition, the cross-section distortion rate was reduced by 2.8% using the roller type, and 1.8% using ball-type compared to the sliding friction type.     

Modelling of grinding mechanics: A review

Grinding is one of the most widely used material removal methods at the end of many process chains. Grinding force is related to almost all grinding parameters, which has a great influence on material removal rate, dimensional and shape accuracy, surface and subsurface integrity, thermodynamics, dynamics, wheel durability, and machining system deformation. Considering that grinding force is related to almost all grinding parameters, grinding force can be used to detect grinding wheel wear, energy calculation, chatter suppression, force control and grinding process simulation. Accurate prediction of grinding forces is important for optimizing grinding parameters and the structure of grinding machines and fixtures. Although there are substantial research papers on grinding mechanics, a comprehensive review on the modeling of grinding mechanics is still absent from the literature. To fill this gap, this work reviews and introduces theoretical methods and applications of mechanics in grinding from the aspects of modeling principles, limitations and possible future trendencies.