腐蚀环境下多裂纹结构的概率损伤容限分析

一般环境下疲劳多裂纹结构的概率损伤容限分析方法已经比较成熟.为满足恶劣环境下工作的老龄飞机结构疲劳可靠性评定的需要,尝试建立腐蚀环境下疲劳多裂纹结构的概率损伤容限分析方法.通过综合考虑空中飞行腐蚀和裂纹扩展随机性的影响,采用对数正态随机变量模型描述裂纹扩展过程,得到可靠度-寿命曲线.通过实例,验证了方法的可行性.     

热钢化对载人航天器舷窗玻璃强度的影响

根据载人航天器热钢化舷窗玻璃中应力分布的特点，导出了钢化玻璃应力强度因子的计算模型，并分析了玻璃热钢化的强化特点。通过该模型，对钢化程度、玻璃厚度以及裂纹尺寸对玻璃强度和裂纹扩展的影响进行了讨论。指出在相同的钢化程度下，热钢化玻璃的断裂应力随玻璃厚度的增加而提高，而非钢化玻璃的断裂应力并不受玻璃厚度的影响。还针对钢化玻璃临界应力强度因子问题进行了讨论，指出由于ＫＩＣ＋Ｋｒ不是材料的物性参数，不能作为钢化玻璃临界应力强度因子。     

SIMPLIFYING AND CONDENSING A SET OF RANDOM SPECTRA FOR TRANSPORT

ＳＩＭＰＬＩＦＹＩＮＧＡＮＤＣＯＮＤＥＮＳＩＮＧＡＳＥＴＯＦＲＡＮＤＯＭＳＰＥＣＴＲＡＦＯＲＴＲＡＮＳＰＯＲＴＺｈａｎｇＢａｏｆａ；ＦｕＸｉａｎｇｊｉｏｎｇ（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＳｔｒｅｎｇｔｈ，ＮｏｒｔｈｗｅｓｔｅｒｎＰｏｌｙｔｅｃｈｎｉｃａｌＵ...     

高强度铝合金小裂纹疲劳扩展特性

讨论面心立方多晶铝合金的表面局部塑性变形特点以及由此造成的表面小裂纹疲劳扩展特性，理论表明：当小裂纹位于试样表面时，周围环境对表层晶粒所施加的约束作用要小于对内部晶粒的约束作用。于是裂纹扩展速率会有异于线弹性断裂力学描述的规律。     

近地轨道宇宙线的强度分布

本文主要讨论了在近地空间能够引发微电子系统故障的宇宙线带电粒子环境问题，参照国外辕为成熟的模式和我们最新的工作，对近地轨道的宇宙线强度进行了计算，并就模式的应用和存在的问题进行了讨论。     

Furthering our understanding of electrostatic solitary waves through Cluster multispacecraft observations and theory

Nonlinear isolated electrostatic solitary waves (ESWs) are observed routinely at many of Earth’s major boundaries by the Wideband Data (WBD) plasma wave receivers that are mounted on the four Cluster satellites. The current study discusses two aspects of ESWs: their characteristics in the magnetosheath, and their propagation in the magnetosheath and in the auroral acceleration (upward current) region. The characteristics (amplitude and time duration) of ESWs detected in the magnetosheath are presented for one case in which special mutual impedance tests were conducted allowing for the determination of the density and temperature of the hot and cold electrons. These electron parameters, together with those from the ion experiment, were used as inputs to an electron acoustic soliton model as a consideration for the generation of the observed ESWs. The results from this model showed that negative potential ESWs of a few Debye lengths (10–50 m) could be generated in this plasma. Other models of ESW generation are discussed, including beam instabilities and spontaneous generation out of turbulence. The results of two types of ESW propagation (in situ and remote sensing) studies are also presented. The first involves the propagation of bipolar type ESWs from one Cluster spacecraft to another in the magnetosheath, thus obtaining the velocity and size of the solitary structures. The structures were found to be very flat, with large scale perpendicular to the magnetic field (>40 km) and small scale parallel to the field (<1 km). These results were then discussed in terms of various models which predict such flat structures to be generated. The second type of propagation study uses striated Auroral Kilometric Radiation (SAKR) bursts, observed on multiple Cluster satellites, as tracers of ion solitary waves in the upward current region. The results of all studies discussed here (pulse characteristics and ESW velocity, lifetime, and size) are compared to in situ measurements previously made on one spacecraft and to theoretical predictions for these quantities, where available. The primary conclusion drawn from the propagation studies is that the multiple spacecraft technique allows us to better assess the stability (lifetime) of ESWs, which can be as large as a few seconds, than can be achieved with single satellites.     

Modeling of 3-D Corotating Cosmic-Ray Structures in the Heliosphere

We present a brief review of the modeling of corotating 3-dimensional features in heliospheric cosmic rays. The model heliosphere incorporates a wavy current sheet and Corotating Interaction Regions (CIRs). We find that present models can qualitatively account for the observed extension of recurrent 26-day cosmic-ray variations to high heliospheric latitudes if perpendicular diffusion is significant. The recurrent enhancement of low-energy (MeV) particles accelerated at CIR-s is also shown to fit into this same picture.     

DIMA架构下飞机全电刹车系统故障传播行为分析与评估

在DIMA平台开放性体系架构的背景下,飞机航电与机电等系统功能逐渐渗透融合,面向DIMA架构的全电刹车系统是未来飞机刹车系统的主流设计趋势,但目前尚未形成针对DIMA架构下全电刹车系统的故障传播行为分析与评估方法。针对上述问题,首先结合DIMA架构特征和全电刹车相关标准,分析面向DIMA架构下的全电刹车系统分层架构,在此基础上构建全电刹车系统任务-功能-资源层次模型。其次,考虑到DIMA平台资源共享的特点,结合系统层次模型开展系统耦合关联分析,引入Floyd算法计算间接耦合矩阵以及路由矩阵,通过构造失效严重程度矩阵量化系统关联耦合度,建立系统故障传播结构模型,综合考虑故障路径传播概率和系统边缘介数,构建DIMA架构下全电刹车系统故障传播强度模型,以识别系统故障传播关键路径,完成故障传播行为分析与评估。最后通过实例分析,以验证所提方法的正确性与合理性。     

SETI in the light of cosmic convergent evolution

Theodosius Dobzhansky, one of the founding fathers of the modern evolutionary synthesis, once famously stated that “nothing makes sense in biology except in the light of evolution”. Here it will be argued that nothing in astrobiology makes sense except in the light of “Cosmic Convergent Evolution” (CCE). This view of life contends that natural selection is a universal force of nature that leads to the emergence of similarly adapted life forms in analogous planetary biospheres. Although SETI historically preceded the rise of astrobiology that we have witnessed in the recent decade, one of its main tenets from the beginning was the convergence of life on a cosmic scale toward intelligent behavior and subsequent communication via technological means. The question of cultural convergence in terms of symbolic exchange, language and scientific capabilities between advanced interstellar civilizations has been the subject of ongoing debate. However, at the core of the search for extraterrestrial intelligence lies in essence a biological problem since even post-biological extraterrestrial intelligences must have had an origin based on self-replicating biopolymers. Thus, SETI assumes a propensity of the Universe towards biogenesis in accordance with CCE, a new evolutionary concept which posits the multiple emergence of life across the Cosmos. Consequently, we have to wonder about the biophilic properties the Universe apparently exhibits, as well as to try to find an encompassing theory that is able to explain this “fine-tuning” in naturalistic terms. The aims of this paper are as follows: 1) to emphasize the importance of convergent evolution in astrobiology and ongoing SETI research; 2) to introduce novel and biology-centered cosmological ideas such as the “Selfish Biocosm Hypothesis” and the “Evo Devo Universe” as valuable arguments in theorizing about the origin and nature of extraterrestrial intelligence and 3) to synthesize these findings within an emerging post-biological paradigm on which future SETI efforts may be founded.