氢对TC4钛合金电子束焊接头疲劳裂纹扩展速率的影响

采用充氢CT试样对TC4钛合金电子束焊接头的室温疲劳裂纹扩展速率进行了测定,并对试样断口和接头各区显微组织进行了观察.试验结果表明:充氢母材试样在低速扩展区和失稳扩展区的da/dN相对于未充氢试样有明显的提高,但不同氢含量之间差别不大,在稳态扩展区(Paris区),氢对da/dN的影响很小.充氢焊缝试样在整个裂纹扩展过...     

The Modulation of Galactic Cosmic Rays in the Heliosphere: Theory and Models

Almost all theoretical and numerical models for the modulation of cosmic ray in the heliosphere are based on Parker's transport equation which contains all the important basic physical processes. The relative importance of the various mechanisms is however not established and may vary significantly over 22 years. The simultaneous measurements of solar wind parameters, heliospheric magnetic field properties and cosmic rays over a wide range of energies and positions in the heliosphere have brought the realization that modulation is much more complicated than what the original drift models predicted. In the process the sophistication of models based on solving Parker's equation has increased by orders of magnitude. A short review of the global modulation of cosmic rays is given from a theoretical and modelling point of view.     

韧性裂纹扩展的损伤力学描述

描述了基于材料微观空穴成核、长大和聚合的损伤力学模型,用增量本构关系模拟了空穴的成核和长大。用有限元损伤模型计算了裂纹的扩展,其计算值与试验结果吻合较好     

固体推进剂裂纹对流燃烧和扩展的研究分析

评述了固体推进剂裂纹对流燃烧及扩展的研究，讨论了推进剂裂纹对流燃烧的流场与裂纹的变形、扩展及其之间存在着强耦合作用。初步揭示了在不同的燃烧室压力率下单一裂纹扩展的不同模式，指出裂纹腔内火焰的离散传播、裂纹尖端的压力突升以及对流燃烧条件下的裂纹失稳扩展极可能诱导产生DDT过程，提出了需进一步深入研究的问题。     

多跨加筋板的动态裂纹扩展

提出了一种加筋板数值分析中筋条与板相互作用的计算模型,用有限差分法对多跨加筋板结构进行了动态裂纹扩展分析计算。当筋条位于板的边界时,筋条的作用可以作为边界力处理;当筋条位于板的内部时,其作用可作为局部作用的类似体积力进行分析。按照这种模型对多跨加筋裂纹板进行静态与动态断裂分析。计算结果表明:筋条具有降低裂纹尖端应力强度因子作用,在裂纹动态扩展情形还能降低裂纹扩展速度甚至止裂。     

K_(Imax)<K_(Iscc)时30CrMnSiNi2A钢的腐蚀疲劳与失效机理

 应用电化学-断裂力学方法研究了30CrMnSiNi2A钢在室温模拟潮湿大气（H₂O）及海洋大气（3.5％NaCl）环境中低K范围内不同电位下的疲劳裂纹扩展特性。通过动力学及断口分析,提出在K_ImaxIscc范围内高强度钢可发生循环应力腐蚀开裂,其湿腐蚀疲劳失效机理应是裂尖局部阳极溶解与氢脆共同作用,且两者对△K_th及da/dN的意义不同,从而对以往高强度钢湿腐蚀疲劳的纯氢脆模型作出修正。     

含软化带复合材料板的损伤容限特性研究

 碳/环等先进复合材料断裂韧性低,在静载作用下常具有典型的准脆性破坏模式。而在制造和使用中不可避免地会有缺陷、损伤（包括结构缺口等）,致使其承载能力大大降低。为防止损伤突然激发并快速扩展而导致灾难性破坏,软化带设计是一种颇有效果的解决办法。 软化带即在受轴向载荷的板（如机翼翼面）上设置的一些不连续条带。     

孔边小裂纹生成与扩展

 孔边小裂纹扩展是小裂纹问题研究的一个重要方面,在工程上具有重大的应用意义。对于这类小裂纹扩展机制的分析目前还比较少。本文的目的是试图通过试验观测定性地了解孔边小裂纹扩展的特性,为深入的研究提供必要分析基础。     

蛇形进气道的雷达截面分析

 本文采用复射线技术的原理和方法,通过场的高斯波束拟合,使这种理论能够用于进气道之类的大口径凹形腔体的雷达截面(RCS)特性分析。本文以弯曲的蛇形进气道为例,进行了RCS特性分析计算,并将计算值与测试值比较。结果表明,这种方法是一种比较准确而又十分有效的RCS预估方法。     

Energetic particles at high latitudes

We review work on diffusion coefficients of energetic particles with an attempt to extract implications on their behaviour at high latitudes. In the ecliptic plane results from solar energetic particle propagation between the Sun and about 5 AU can be described by an effective radial mean free path _r which is approximately constant as a function of distancer. When particle propagation in three dimensions in the heliosphere is considered it is not sufficient to consider _r only. Jovian electrons can be used as probes to determine the parameters of three-dimensional diffusion. In the polar regions diffusion is dominated by its parallel component. Some predictions how should vary with latitude are discussed. For different choices of this variation we present expectations for intensity-time profiles of solar particle events during the Ulysses polar passages.