疲劳裂纹扩展随机过程相关参数的估计

对数正态随机过程模型是可靠性与损伤容限分析中常用的裂纹扩展随机模型.在裂纹扩展对数正态随机过程模型的基础上,建立了由试验数据估计一般平稳正态随机过程相关参数的方法.应用这种方法可以直接由试验数据估计随机过程的相关参数.同时,给出了用Monte-Carlo方法估算置信区间的方法.最后,给出了用具体试验数据,这组试验数据共有237个数据点,估计随机过程相关参数的算例.     

New multifrequency measurements of the spectrum of the cosmic background radiation

New measurements of the Cosmic Background Radiation temperature at 12 cm, 6.3 cm, 3 cm, 0.9 cm and 0.3 cm have made in July 1982 from the White Mountain High Altitude Research Station. The results are presented and the existence of spectral distortions discussed.     

An energy-based coupling degradation propagation model and its application to aviation actuation system

The degradation of components in complex mechatronic systems involves multiple physical processes which will cause coupling interactions among nodes in the system. The interaction of nodes may be carried out not only by physical connections but also by the environment which cannot be described by single network using the traditional methods. In order to give out a unified model to quantitatively describe the coupling degradation spreading by both physical connections and environment, a novel Energy-Flow-Field Network (EFFN) and a coupling degradation model based on EFFN are proposed in this paper. The EFFN is driven by energy flow and the state transition of spatially related nodes is triggered by the dissipation energy. An application is conducted on aviation actuation system in which the degradation spreading by fluid-thermal-solid interaction is considered. The degradation path and the most probable fault reason can be obtained by combining the state transition and energy output of nodes, which is consistent with the given scenario.     

均匀各向同性大气湍流对声爆传播特性的影响

基于离散Fourier模态有限和生成的随机大气湍流场，采用修正波形参数方法，开展了均匀各向同性大气湍流对典型超声速客机声爆传播特性的影响分析。计算采用的超声速客机模型为自行生成的简化超声速公务机模型。首先，应用航空工业空气动力研究院自主研制的CFD软件ARI_Overset在三维空间求解Navier-Stokes方程，得到作为声爆远场传播初始值的近场空间压力分布；其次，基于Von Karman能量谱，采用离散Fourier模态有限和形式生成随机均匀各向同性大气湍流场；最后，采用修正波形参数方法模拟了声爆信号在随机速度湍流场中的传播过程。数值结果表明：各向同性大气湍流对于地面声爆特征有重要影响。与无湍流状态相比，均匀各向同性大气湍流使得地面声爆特征增强的概率约为55%，使得地面声爆特征减弱的概率约为45%，故总体而言大气湍流效应更倾向于增强地面声爆特征；均匀各向同性大气湍流对于声爆传播路径影响相对较小，但是这一变化仍会导致地面信号接收点的不确定性。     

Data reduction and correction algorithm for digital real-time processing of cosmic ray measurements: NM64 monitoring at Dourbes

We present a data correction algorithm for real-time data processing for the NM64 galactic cosmic ray neutron monitor at the Royal Meteorological Institute (RMI) in Dourbes, Belgium. The correction is based on three main tests: a continuity test, tube ratios test and a derivative test. The continuity test works as a high pass filter with a threshold based on the entire recorded dataset. Additionally, it monitors whether the logging takes place at regular intervals (continuously). The ratios test identifies noisy sections and the final derivative test criterion will identify single or double spikes by testing them against the median increase of the intensities. Using these criteria, all data from the cosmic ray station at Dourbes is corrected in real time. Test results have been compared with data from verified neutron monitor stations with a similar geomagnetic cutoff rigidity.     

基于损伤检测的飞机结构腐蚀损伤预测方法对比研究

针对飞机结构材料易腐蚀特点,采用 BP 神经网络算法、数据拟合方法、指数平滑预测三种方法,对飞机铝合金结构腐蚀损伤进行预测对比分析。预测结果及其误差以及对比分析图表明,BP 神经网络算法所构建的网络预测模型对一定腐蚀周期内的腐蚀损伤有较好预测能力,指数平滑预测方法和幂函数数据拟合方法对一定腐蚀周期之外的腐蚀损伤预测有较好的外延性。     

基于断口分析的钛合金轮内部缺陷损伤容限

为进行某轮损伤容限设计,开展了裂纹扩展断口分析和仿真分析研究。由断口分析可知:疲劳源为一处内部自然缺陷;依据疲劳辉纹确定了裂纹扩展速率;在裂纹长度为2 mm附近,裂纹扩展速率明显增大,为第一、第二加载阶段转换区域;裂纹稳定扩展区裂纹长度与裂纹扩展速率呈双对数线性关系;应用列表梯度法和Paris公式法反推了第二加载阶段的疲劳寿命,与该阶段实际循环次数的最大误差是163%。裂纹稳定扩展阶段裂纹扩展仿真值与断口反推值吻合;非稳定扩展阶段仿真值与断口反推值的最大误差为-215%;基于以上研究,合理确定了某离心轮内部裂纹表面扩展停机检测周期。该类轮非稳定、失稳扩展阶段寿命占内部裂纹表面扩展阶段寿命的比例达248%~357%,因此准确计算具有重要意义。     

FGH96粉末涡轮盘结构模拟件疲劳小裂纹扩展试验

为了分析涡轮盘轮缘榫槽等几何不连续部位对疲劳裂纹萌生及小裂纹扩展行为的影响,基于FGH96粉末盘实际构型设计结构特征模拟件,并对其在高温条件下开展自然萌生疲劳小裂纹扩展试验,通过疲劳中断试验和表面复型技术对榫槽和螺栓孔结构模拟件在500℃下的裂纹萌生和小裂纹扩展行为进行了观测和分析。结果表明：2种结构模拟件缺口表面存在多裂纹萌生现象,随着应力水平的降低,裂纹萌生位置由表面晶界转变为近表面特定方向的晶面以及非金属夹杂物处;2种结构模拟件裂纹萌生寿命占比约为36%～73%,且随着应力水平的降低而提高,裂纹扩展至工程可检裂纹尺寸时的寿命占比约为82%～96%,应力水平对其影响相对较小;特征模拟件缺口附近高水平的塑性变形能够导致小裂纹扩展速率分段特征现象消失,并延缓裂纹扩展过程中的合并行为,延长裂纹扩展寿命。     

基于神经网络的民航安检系统风险评价研究

随着民航事业的快速发展,民航安全问题引起了广泛的关注.民航安全检查是民航管理安全重要的组成部分,如何建立一个合理的风险评价模型,指导民航安全检查的管理工作,已成为民航管理者的迫切需求.将BP神经网络模型引入民航安全管理,在分析民航安检系统的基础上,建立了安检系统的风险评价模型.通过实际应用验证了该模型的可行性.     

管中激光加速器的推力形成过程

管中激光加速器是一种新型的激光推力器,弹射体在管道中被加速。利用光线追踪法,根据光线在网格中的传播路径信息,运用辐射输运方程,得到流场的能量源项;数值求解含能量源项的流体控制方程,对管道中等离子体流场激波的形成和演化过程进行了研究。模型能够模拟空气光学击穿、空气对激光能量的吸收、等离子体对激光的屏蔽作用和推力形成过程,通过计算得到冲量耦合系数为3.61×10-4N/MW,等离子体内能转化为流场动能的比例约为9%。