正反顺序加载下安装边螺栓预紧力分散度的数值模拟与试验验证

在航空发动机机匣安装边装配过程中,不同位置螺栓之间会产生弹性交互作用,不同加载方案会使装配后的螺栓预紧力存在一定的分散度。针对这一问题,建立了3层带止口机匣安装边3维接触有限元模型,研究不同加载方案下螺栓预紧力的施加方法。基于有限元模型数值模拟了3层机匣安装边分别在顺序加载方案、交叉加载方案和正反顺序2轮加载方案下螺栓预紧力的分散度。搭建了相应的试验装置,分别对3种加载方案的预紧力分散度进行试验验证。结果表明：采用正反顺序2轮加载后的螺栓预紧力分散度最小,在3层止口机匣安装边上采用正反顺序2轮加载方案后的螺栓预紧力分散度较小,在有限元仿真中螺栓预紧力分散度为2.43%,在试验中螺栓预紧力分散度为4.98%。采用此方案加载后,止口机匣安装边能达到更好的密封效果和较好的刚度对称性。     

A self-similar solution of a curved shock wave and its time-dependent force variation for a starting flat plate airfoil in supersonic flow

The problem of aeroelasticity and maneuvering of command surface and gust wing interaction involves a starting flow period which can be seen as the flow of an airfoil attaining suddenly an angle of attack. In the linear or nonlinear case, compressive Mach or shock waves are generated on the windward side and expansive Mach or rarefaction waves are generated on the leeward side. On each side, these waves are composed of an oblique steady state wave, a vertically-moving one-dimensional unsteady wave, and a secondary wave resulting from the interaction between the steady and unsteady ones. An analytical solution in the secondary wave has been obtained by Heaslet and Lomax in the linear case, and this linear solution has been borrowed to give an approximate solution by Bai and Wu for the nonlinear case. The structure of the secondary shock wave and the appearance of various force stages are two issues not yet considered in previous studies and has been studied in the present paper. A self-similar solution is obtained for the secondary shock wave, and the reason to have an initial force plateau as observed numerically is identified. Moreover, six theoretical characteristic time scales for pressure load variation are determined which explain the slope changes of the time-dependent force curve.     

Upgrading CCIR's foF2 maps using available ionosondes and genetic algorithms

We have developed a new approach towards a new database of the ionospheric parameter $f_{o}F2$. This parameter, being the frequency of the maximum of the ionospheric electronic density profile and its main modeller, is of great interest not only in atmospheric studies but also in the realm of radio propagation. The current databases, generated by CCIR (Committee Consultative for Ionospheric Radiowave propagation) and URSI (International Union of Radio Science), and used by the IRI (International Reference Ionosphere) model, are based on Fourier expansions and have been built in the 60s from the available ionosondes at that time. The main goal of this work is to upgrade the databases by using new available ionosonde data. To this end we used the IRI diurnal/spherical expansions to represent the $f_{o}F2$ variability, and computed its coefficients by means of a genetic algorithm (GA). In order to test the performance of the proposed methodology, we applied it to the South American region with data obtained by RAPEAS (Red Argentina para el Estudio de la Atmósfera Superior, i.e. Argentine Network for the Study of the Upper Atmosphere) during the years 1958–2009. The new GA coefficients provide a global better fit of the IRI model to the observed $f_{o}F2$ than the CCIR coefficients. Since the same formulae and the same number of coefficients were used, the overall integrity of IRI’s typical ionospheric feature representation was preserved. The best improvements with respect to CCIR are obtained at low solar activities, at large (in absolute value) modip latitudes, and at night-time. The new method is flexible in the sense that can be applied either globally or regionally. It is also very easy to recompute the coefficients when new data is available. The computation of a third set of coefficients corresponding to days of medium solar activity in order to avoid the interpolation between low and high activities is suggested. The same procedure as for $f_{o}F2$ can be perfomed to obtain the ionospheric parameter M(3000)F2.     

航空发动机机匣摆线粗加工轨迹规划方法

针对机匣零件粗加工过程中凸台多、加工余量大、材料难切削、刀具磨损快、加工周期长等特点,提出了一种机匣摆线粗加工刀具轨迹规划方法,该方法能有效控制切削过程中刀具负载的变化,改善刀具切削过程中的加热-冷却循环,减缓刀具的磨损,提高机匣粗加工效率。首先,通过对两种摆线模型的分析,建立了摆线铣数学模型,并分析了摆线铣的优缺点;其次,结合机匣零件特点,将模型在精度范围内离散为点模型,利用圆锥将模型展开并建立展开模型与原始模型间的映射关系。通过对可加工区域的划分和平面逼近,生成了适用于机匣零件的摆线粗加工刀具轨迹。最后,分别通过摆线铣刀具磨损实验、平面型腔摆线铣实验和机匣摆线铣实验,验证了摆线铣在降低刀具磨损、延长刀具寿命方面的有效性,以及本文轨迹生成算法在航空发动机机匣实际加工中的正确性和高效性。研究成果能有效缩短加工周期、降低加工成本,提升机匣零件的粗加工效率。     

二维喷管的初始流动

基于可压缩Navier-Stokes方程,采用大涡模拟方法与高精度混合WENO/TCD格式,对Ma=1.4的超声速平面射流初始流场进行了数值研究.数值结果清晰地描述了超声速平面射流初始流场的结构特征,包括主涡环与激波结构以及它们演变过程.因主涡环内存在涡导激波对,激波与涡相互作用加速射流剪切层失稳,使剪切层首次卷起形成小涡的位置出现在涡导激波对后,此与亚声速射流情况不同.小涡串卷起成后,相继与涡导激波对相互作用,使激波出现明显的变形并加速主涡环失稳.      

某支线飞机概念设计阶段机翼气动弹性设计

在飞机的总体方案概念设计阶段,需要对飞机机翼进行气动弹性设计,以避免在后期设计中,因气动弹性问题而对设计方案进行较大更改.以某支线飞机的总体方案论证为背景,研究并归纳该飞机概念设计阶段气动弹性设计与分析的理论基础和计算方法,建立机翼的梁架式模型,初步设计模型刚度与质量分布,并进行机翼的静气动弹性响应与载荷分析、振动特性及颤振特性分析.结果表明:该支线飞机机翼的气动弹性特性合理,符合设计要求.     

Investigation of ionospheric response to two moderate geomagnetic storms using GPS–TEC measurements in the South American and African sectors during the ascending phase of solar cycle 24

The responses of the ionospheric F region using GPS–TEC measurements during two moderate geomagnetic storms at equatorial, low-, and mid-latitude regions over the South American and African sectors in May 2010, during the ascending phase of solar cycle 24, are investigated. The first moderate geomagnetic storm studied reached a minimum Dst value of −64 nT at 1500 UT on 02 May 2010 and the second moderate geomagnetic storm reached a minimum Dst value of −85 nT at 1400 UT on 29 May 2010. In this paper, we present vertical total electron content (VTEC) and phase fluctuations (in TECU/min) from Global Positioning System (GPS) observations from the equatorial to mid-latitude regions in the South American and African sectors. Our results obtained during these two moderate geomagnetic storms from both sectors show significant positive ionospheric storms during daytime hours at the equatorial, low-, and mid-latitude regions during the main and recovery phases of the storms. The thermospheric wind circulation change towards the equator is a strong indicator that suggests an important mechanism is responsible for these positive phases at these regions. A pre-storm event that was observed in the African sector from low- to the mid-latitude regions on 01 May 2010 was absent in the South American sector. This study also showed that there was no generation or suppression of ionospheric irregularities by storm events. Therefore, knowledge about the suppression and generation of ionospheric irregularities during moderate geomagnetic storms is still unclear.     

"伙伴交际法"在高职英语教学中的应用

口头表达能力作为语言综合能力的重要体现之一,在教学中应受到高度重视。然而在我国传统的公共英语教学中,“轻听说、重读写”的倾向造成了不少学生渎写尚可,但张口即结舌的状况。笔者将“伙伴交际法”应用到教学实践中,有效地提高口语教学质量,值得推而广之。     

太阳活动低年低纬地区VTEC 变化特性分析

利用福州台站(26.1°N, 119.3°E, 磁纬14.4°N)电离层闪烁与TEC监测仪2006-2010年的观测数据, 对该地区垂直总电子含量(VTEC)进行时间变化特性分析. 结果表明, 春秋冬三季的VTEC平均最高值出现在06:00UT, 夏季出现在08:00UT, 所有季节的平均最低值均出现在21:00UT; VTEC变化存在季节异常和弱冬季异常, 春秋季节高, 冬夏季节低, 夏季VTEC比冬季低且最大值出现时间延迟; VTEC在2006-2009年呈现下降的变化趋势, 2010年开始增强, 年际变化与太阳活动及地磁活动变化趋势具有较好的对应关系; VTEC变化与太阳活动存在很好的相关性, 相关系数达到0.5以上, 地磁活动则显示了弱相关的特性; F_10.7与VTEC的相关性随着每天Kp指数总值Σ_kp的增大而减小.      

磁暴对赤道地区L波段电离层闪烁的影响研究

利用赤道地区Vamimo站闪烁数据, 选取两次典型大磁暴时段重点分析, 对比磁暴发生前、发生时以及发生后连续几天电离层幅度闪烁强度和发生率的变化, 引入瑞利elax-elax泰勒不稳定性(Rayleigh-Taylor, R-T不稳定性)线性增长率γ₀, 对磁暴影响闪烁的机制进行初步探讨. 结果表明, 磁暴可能触发闪烁发生, 也可能抑制闪烁发生, 这既与观测季节有关, 也与磁暴不同发展阶段的地方时有关. 触发发生于闪烁少发季节磁暴主相所在的午夜至黎明时段, 可能是磁层穿透电离层的东向电场所致; 抑制发生于闪烁多发季节磁暴恢复相所在的午夜前时段, 可能是西向电场作用的结果. 磁暴发生时的电场变化可能是抑制或触发闪烁的主导因素, 但仍需进一步分析研究.