Machining of a film-cooling hole in a single-crystal superalloy by high-speed electrochemical discharge drilling

Single-crystal superalloys are typical advanced materials used for manufacturing aeroengine turbine blades. Their unique characteristics of high hardness and strength make them exceedingly difficult to machine. However, a key structure of a turbine blade, the film-cooling hole,needs to be machined in a single-crystal superalloy; such machining is challenging, especially considering the increasing levels of machining efficiency and quality demanded by the aeroengine industry. Tube electrode high-speed electrochemical discharge drilling(TSECDD), a hybrid technique of high-speed electrical discharge drilling and electrochemical machining, provides high machining efficiency and accuracy, as well as eliminating the recast layer. In this study, TSECDD is used to machine a film-cooling hole in a nickel-based single-crystal superalloy(DD6). The Taguchi methods of experiment are used to optimise the machining parameters. Experimental results show that TSECDD can effectively drill the film-cooling hole; the optimum parameters that give the best performance are as follows: pulse duration: 12 ls, pulse interval: 30 ls, peak current:6 A, and salt solution conductivity: 3 m S/cm. Finally, a hole is machined by TSECDD, and the results are compared with those obtained by electrical discharge machining. TSECDD is found to be promising for improving the surface quality and eliminating the recast layer.     

基于瞬态液晶测量技术的收缩-扩张形孔

采用一种进行全表面测量的瞬态液晶测量技术测量了新型气膜孔(收缩-扩张形孔)的气膜冷却特性,研究了动量比对冷却效率和换热系数的影响,并与传统的圆柱形孔气膜冷却特性进行了对比,结果表明:收缩-扩张形孔中心线附近区域的冷却效率相对较低,而两孔之间区域的冷却效率相对较高,与圆形孔分布规律相反;在上游区域,两孔中间区域的换热系数比相对孔中心线附近区域较高,而在下游区域,两孔中间区域的换热系数比相对孔中心线附近又较低,与圆形孔相比也有较大不同。相对于圆柱形孔,收缩缝形孔的平均换热系数比在上游较高,在下游较低;收缩-扩张形孔喷出气膜对下游壁面区域的有效覆盖率远大于圆柱形孔,其展向平均冷却效率明显高于圆柱形孔;收缩-扩张形孔在动量比为2时的平均冷却效率最高。     

冲击-多斜孔复合冷却中冲击孔与多斜孔面积比对换热特性的影响研究

用数值计算的方法研究了冲击-多斜孔壁复合冷却方式的冷却特性,在保证当量开孔面积相同且压降相同的前提下,研究了冲击孔壁与多斜孔壁开孔面积比 变化对冷却特性的影响。研究发现,随着冲击孔与多斜孔开孔面积比减小,多斜孔壁气膜出流速度降低,气膜覆盖增强,冲击换热系数呈增大趋势,使得模型冷却效果增强;多斜孔壁热侧、冷侧与多斜孔孔内换热量随开孔面积比减小而减小,多斜孔内换热量在模型总体换热量中所占比例逐渐增加。     

孔间距和前倾角对进出口扩张形气膜孔流量系数的影响(英文)

Discharge coefficients of 3-in-1 hole of three inclination angles and three spacing between holes are presented which described the discharge behavior of a row of holes. The inlet and outlet of the 3-in-1 hole both have a 15° lateral expansion. The flow conditions considered are mainstream turbulence intensities and density ratios of secondary flow to mainstream. The momentum flux ratios varied in the range from 1 to 4. The comparison is made of the discharge coefficients of three shaped holes to find an optimal hole with low flow loss. The results show that the discharge coefficients of 3-in- 1 hole are highest in three shaped holes and therefore this article is focused on the measurements of discharge coefficients of 3-in-1 hole for various geometries and aerodynamic parameters. The measured results of 3-in-1 hole indicate that turbulence intensities, density ratios and momentum flux ratios have weak influence on discharge coefficients for inclination angle of 20°. The high turbulence intensity yields the small discharge coefficients for inclination angle of 45° and 90°. The increased both momentum flux ratios and density ratios lead to the increased discharge coefficients for inclination angle of 45° and 90°. The increased inclination angle causes the rapidly increased discharge coefficients. There is a weak dependence of discharge coefficients on hole pitches.     

出流结构对涡轮叶栅端壁气膜冷却效率数值研究

通过对涡轮叶栅端壁上游不同气膜冷却结构模型进行数值模拟,得到了不同吹风比情况下,涡轮叶栅端壁的流动与换热特性.结果表明:圆柱形孔冷气射流在孔下游与主流相互作用形成一对转动方向相反的耦合涡,对涡轮叶栅端壁的气膜冷却效果不利.前向扩张孔降低了孔下游耦合涡的强度,对涡轮叶栅端壁总体气膜冷却效率要优于圆柱形孔.前向扩张缝结构增大了射流宽度,冷却了孔间端壁,对涡轮叶栅端壁总体气膜冷却效率要优于圆柱形孔和前向扩张孔.      

微小孔特种加工技术研究现状及展望

近年来微小孔结构在航空航天零部件上的应用越来越广泛,对微小孔的特种加工方法的进展情况进行了综述,总结了每种加工方法的主要特点,并对当前微小孔特种加工技术存在的问题及未来发展趋势进行了总结和展望.     

椭圆窝自动化加工技术

为解决椭圆窝自动化加工的工艺难题,提高整体式机翼装配的可靠性,在深入分析椭圆窝形状特点和加工原理的基础上,推导出了椭圆窝摆动中心公式,确定了锪窝刀具与摆动中心的相对位置关系。根据椭圆窝成形原理,提出了椭圆窝执行器各部件相对角度偏差要求并进行了标定。利用标定过的椭圆窝执行器对椭圆窝窝形参数的理论计算结果进行试验验证和调整,得出了窝形偏差的基本形式和调整方法。使用调整后的参数在铝合金材料上加工NAS6型椭圆窝,制出的椭圆窝长短径长度误差在0.05 mm以内,椭圆螺母与工件表面的高度偏差在0.02 mm以内,窝形满足机翼装配要求,实现了椭圆窝的自动化加工。     

小孔法测量非均匀残余应力的数据处理与误差分析

讨论了逐层钻孔法测量非均匀残余应力的释放应变处理和测量误差对残余应力计算精度的影响。利用转换应力、转换应变,可方便地计算残余应力值。受小孔法本身缺陷的限制,计算所得残余应力误差随孔深增加而加大,测量深度约为应变片平均半径的一半。     

含孔边裂纹各向异性有限板的二维问题

应用边界元法,并结合一种特殊的复变函数基本解,研究了含孔边裂纹的各向异性有限板的应力强度因子修正系数的计算。这种特解边界元法避免了在裂纹附近划分单元,可以获得较好的数值计算精度。通过算例分析,结果表明本方法精度高,运算量小,具有一定的工程应用价值。     

Effect of tube-electrode inner diameter on electrochemical discharge machining of nickel-based superalloy

Nickel-based superalloys are widely employed in modern aircraft engines because of their excellent material characteristics, particularly in the fabrication of film cooling holes. How-ever, the high machining requirement of a large number of film cooling holes can be extremely chal-lenging. The hybrid machining technique of tube electrode high-speed electrochemical discharge drilling (TEHECDD) has been considered as a promising method for the production of film cooling holes. Compared with any single machining process, this hybrid technique requires the removal of more complex machining by-products, including debris produced in the electrical discharge machin-ing process and hydroxide and bubbles generated in the electrochemical machining process. These by-products significantly affect the machining efficiency and surface quality of the machined prod-ucts. In this study, tube electrodes in different inner diameters are designed and fabricated, and the effects of inner diameter on the machining efficiency and surface quality of TEHECDD are inves-tigated. The results show that larger inner diameters could effectively improve the flushing condi-tion and facilitate the removal of machining by-products. Therefore, higher material removal efficiency, surface quality, and electrode wear rate could be achieved by increasing the inner diam-eter of the tube electrode.