气动静/动稳定性的相关性及粘性滞后时间的研究

风洞试验证实,物体的气动静稳定性和气动动稳定性之间,存在着反向演变现象。研究表明,它主要是绕流的粘性效应诱导的气动量和它们对物体姿态运动的时间滞后引起的,并且,该气动量中的静稳定性粘性诱导量和动稳定性诱导量之间是负相关的。本文给出了相关分析以及粘性诱导量之间的负相关模式,并用作者得到的风洞动态试验结果证明了上述负相关模式的实在性。此外,还根据上述风洞试验结果,计算了粘性动态相关因子Ｋｄ与粘性滞后的     

Recent active thermal management technologies for the development of energy-optimized aerospace vehicles in China

Recently, the development of modern vehicles has brought about aggressive integration and miniaturization of on-board electrical and electronic devices. It will lead to exponential growth in both the overall waste heat and heat flux to be dissipated to maintain the devices within a safe temperature range. However, both the total heat sinks aboard and the cooling capacity of currently utilized thermal control strategy are severely limited, which threatens the lifetime of the on-board equipment and even the entire flight system and shrink the vehicle’s flight time and range. Facing these thermal challenges, the USA proposed the program of “INVENT” to maximize utilities of the available heat sinks and enhance the cooling ability of thermal control strategies. Following the efforts done by the USA researchers, scientists in China fought their ways to develop thermal management technologies for Chinese advanced energy-optimized airplanes and spacecraft. This paper elaborates the available on-board heat sinks and aerospace thermal management systems using both active and passive technologies not confined to the technology in China. Subsequently, active thermal management technologies in China including fuel thermal management system, environment control system, non-fuel liquid cooling strategy are reviewed. At last, space thermal control technologies used in Chinese Space Station and Chang’e-3 and to be used in Chang’e-5 are introduced. Key issues to be solved are also identified, which could facilitate the development of aerospace thermal control techniques across the world.     

Time suboptimal formation flying manoeuvres through improved magnetic charged system search

The development of fast and reliable optimization algorithms is required in order to obtain real-time optimal trajectory on-board spacecraft. In addition, the wide spread of small satellites, due to their low costs, is leading to a greater number of satellite formations in space. This paper presents an Improved version of the Magnetic Charged System Search (IMCSS) metaheuristic algorithm to compute time-suboptimal manoeuvres for satellite formation flying. The proposed algorithm exploits some strategies aimed at improving the convergence to the optimum, such as the chaotic local search and the boundary handling technique, and it is able to self-tune its internal parameters and coefficients. Moreover, the inverse dynamics technique and the differential flatness approach, through the B-splines curves, are used to approximate the trajectory. The optimization procedure is applied to the circular J2 relative model developed by Schweighart and Sedwick and to the elliptical relative motion model developed by Yamanaka and Ankersen. The results of this paper show that the convergence is better achieved by using the proposed tools, thus proving the efficiency and reliability of the algorithm in solving some space engineering problems.     

Multiple hierarchy risk assessment with hybrid model for safety enhancing of unmanned subscale BWB demonstrator flight test

To explore the low-speed characteristics of the Blended-Wing-Body (BWB) configuration for future civil aircraft, a series of unmanned subscale demonstrators have been developed and tested by our research team. During this process, specific safety risks deriving from uncertain design features, system unreliability, and insufficient personnel experience caused continuous flight test mishaps and the risk mechanism was not clear. Local and trial-and-error learning driven safety improvements took few effects on mishap prevention, so our focus was turned to look for systematic safety strategies. This paper establishes a systems theory based hybrid model to integrate the physical system reliability analysis techniques with the system dynamics method for illustrating the multiple risk interactions of the demonstrator flight test involving organizational, human resource and technical system factors. Using the prior BB-5 demonstrator as a case, the hybrid model simulation represents its historical risk evolution process, which verifies the model rationality. Derived risk control strategies reduced the mishap rate of a new demonstrator called BB-6 Sprit. The paper also shows the extended hybrid model can be applied on safety management of unmanned aerial vehicles from the initial period of vehicle development.     

非结构CFD软件MPI+OpenMP混合并行及超大规模非定常并行计算的应用

常规工程应用中，非定常数值模拟（如多体分离）的计算量十分巨大，如果为了达到更高的计算精度，加密网格或者采用高精度方法将会使得计算量进一步增大，导致非定常数值模拟在CFD工程应用中成为十分耗时和昂贵的工作，因此，提高非定常数值模拟的可扩展性和计算效率十分必要。为充分发挥既有分布内存又有共享内存的多核处理器的性能和效率优势，对作者团队开发的非结构网格二阶精度有限体积CFD软件（HyperFLOW）进行了混合并行改造，在计算节点间采用MPI消息传递机制，在节点内采用OpenMP共享内存的MPI+OpenMP混合并行策略。首先分别实现了两种粒度（粗粒度和细粒度）的混合并行，并基于国产in-house集群采用CRM标模（约4 000万网格单元）定常湍流算例对两种混合并行模式进行了测试和比较。结果表明，粗粒度在进程数和分区数较少的小规模并行时具有效率优势，16线程时效率较高；而细粒度混合并行在大规模并行计算时具有优势，8线程时效率较高。其次，验证了混合并行在非定常计算情况下的可扩展性，采用机翼外挂物投放标模算例，分别生成3.6亿和28.8亿非结构重叠网格，采用对等的（P2P）网格读入模式和优化的重叠网格隐式装配策略，网格读入和重叠网格装配耗时仅需数十秒；采用3.6亿网格，完成了非定常状态效率测试及非定常分离过程的湍流流场计算，在in-house集群上12 288核并行效率达到90%（以768核为基准），在天河2号上12 288核并行效率达到70%（以384核为基准），数值模拟结果与试验结果符合良好。最后，在in-house集群上采用28.8亿非结构重叠网格进行了4.9万核的并行效率测试，结果显示，4.9万核并行效率达到55.3%（以4 096核为基准）。     

碱金属引射下的高超声速尾流的数值模拟

高超声速化学非平衡尾流的分析与计算是空气动力学中的一个重要课题。本文采用二阶精度的中心差隐格式，求解了抛物化的Ｎ－Ｓ方程，得到了高空２０ＫＭ及６０ＫＭ非平衡尾流的数值解，研究了碱金属引射对尾流电子密度的影响。计算结果表明引射碱金属对尾流电子密度影响明显，尾流电子密度因此增加了１～３个量级。文中化学反应模型采用十组元模型，组元包括Ｏ２、Ｎ２、Ｏ、Ｎ、ＮＯ、ＮＯ＋、Ｏ－２、Ｎａ、Ｎ＋ａ以及ｅ－。     

用于计算机模拟超塑成形的材料参数测定(英文)

为了借助计算机分析和模拟复杂的超塑成形过程,本文提出了一个用于测定超塑性金属材料参数m和K的等胀形高度法,并在文中推导了与该法相关的公式.通过应用在模拟薄板超塑胀形过程中的计算实例,证明该法的 精度是令人满意的.     

不同机匣-枪管联结系统的动特性实验

从实验方面对两个具有不同结构形式的机匣－枪管联结系统的动特性作了研究，验证了实验结果和计算结果的一致性，证明了系统结果不同是影响其动特性的主要原因，从而为动特性的优化提供了理论依据。     

大型火箭振动试验振型斜率测试方法

讨论了在火箭固有振动频率下测量振型斜率的几种计算和测试方法，分析了影响振型斜率测量和符号误判的误差源，提出了按秒状态变化进行振型斜率修正的最小二乘曲线拟合法。研究表明，以参照点陀螺信号为基准计算相位角，可以避免相位符号的误判。这一改进对于以相位符号作为稳定性判别准则的控制系统来说是至关重要的。     

CFD技术发展及其在航空领域中的应用进展

综述了计算流体力学(CFD)技术的近期发展情况,及其在航空领域的应用现状.在CFD技术发展方面,从计算格式、网格方法、湍流模拟3个方面进行了综述,并对未来CFD技术的发展方向进行了展望.在CFD技术的应用方面,重点介绍了飞行器外形优化、旋翼/直升机、非定常绕流、多体分离和进气道等重点应用领域的现状.