基于能量模型的三维穿透裂纹扩展研究

利用能量释放率与应力强度因子的关系,给出了裂纹尖端的有效能量释放率;裂纹稳定扩展时有效能量释放率恰好等于裂纹扩展阻力,利用裂纹尖端前沿各点的有效能量释放率相等关系,提出了一种基于能量模型的三维穿透裂纹扩展形貌计算方法,可以计算不同厚度试样的三维穿透裂纹扩展形貌,并通过不同厚度单侧裂纹板的有限元仿真计算和试验进行了验证.仿真与试验结果表明:利用基于能量模型的三维穿透裂纹扩展形貌计算方法可以确定三维结构的裂纹扩展形貌;随着单侧裂纹板厚度的增加,裂纹尖端“隧道效应”消失,裂纹扩展形貌转变为“马鞍”形;试样自由面处的裂纹扩展速率要小于中面处的裂纹扩展速率.      

环柱式天线展开过程耦合动力学分析

针对环柱式天线展开过程中斜拉绳索释放运动与桁架展开运动之间耦合动力学分析困难的问题,采用非线性欧拉梁单元对斜拉绳索建模,基于几何精确梁理论对环形桁架建模,提出了环柱式天线多体系统模型,实现了结构展开过程中绳索释放与桁架展开耦合动力学的精准仿真,揭示了绳索柔性等因素对桁架伸展起阻碍作用的机理。仿真结果表明,在环柱式天线展开过程中,减小绳索模量,降低绳索直径,采用单绳索分布设计,有利于提高桁架的展开稳定性。另外,绳索柔性对桁架展开中间阶段影响最为显著。该分析结果为环柱式天线在轨展开动力学预示和优化设计提供了指导作用。     

货物空投系统自动脱离锁成功脱离概率分析

定量研究了空投系统某型自动脱离锁在较大地面风速条件下的成功脱离概率。由系统力学特性分析确定影响脱离锁工作的主要因素;基于着陆阶段系统动力学分析,建立脱离锁成功脱离概率分析模型;采用均匀分布和正态分布两种随机模型分析成功脱离概率;引入安全脱离风速、安全设计开锁力等指标指导脱离锁设计。分析结果表明某型脱离锁成功脱离概率随设计开锁力增加而提高,在一定风速范围内随风速增加而降低。分析方法为空投系统脱离锁设计提供了理论依据,可用于空投行动的辅助决策,提供空投成功率。     

固体装药结构界面应力分析

研究了基于热黏弹性接触理论计算固体装药结构界面应力的数值方法,给出了一种快速判断界面是否脱黏的工程实用方法.以某固体装药结构为例,采用接触算法模拟固体装药多层结构复杂的边界条件,计算了挂飞工况下固体装药结构应变场特征,研究了壳体/绝热层界面应力的分布规律,结果表明:应变场云图符合工程实际,壳体/绝热层界面黏接良好,不会发生脱黏现象.      

复合材料帽型筋条脱粘的失效机理分析

复合材料加筋结构承受后屈曲载荷时,蒙皮局部屈曲会导致筋条承受面外弯曲载荷,极易引起蒙皮与筋条的界面脱粘,最终导致结构破坏.通过四点弯曲试验模拟加筋结构受后屈曲载荷时的蒙皮/筋条界面性能,建立渐进损伤模型,分别考虑筋条与蒙皮胶接界面以及复合材料层板的失效,并引入材料刚度退化模型,详细分析蒙皮/筋条界面的脱粘机理和失效过程.分析结果与试验结果一致,表明加载跨距对于结构的失效形式影响较大,90 mm加载时,胶层均首先失效于筋条与蒙皮内角处的胶接界面,且主要受Ⅱ型剪切模式影响;而150 mm加载情况下胶层均首先失效于翼缘自由端与蒙皮交界处.正向加载时胶层失效主要受Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型混合模式影响,反向加载胶层主要受Ⅱ型剪切模式影响.界面脱粘以后,随着载荷增加,筋条腹板与缘条转角外侧出现分层破坏,损伤模型预测结果与超声扫描检测结果一致.     

The determination for ideal release point of test masses in drag-free satellites for the detection of gravitational waves

Gravitational waves are ripples in space–time predicted by Albert Einstein's general relativity and provide a new way to understand the universe. Space-borne detectors of gravitational waves, extending to very large scales, can effectively detect the middle and low-frequency gravitational wave source with the frequency band of 0.1 mHz–1 Hz. The test masses are used to make an inertial reference point in the detection of gravitational waves. Currently, there are few studies concerning the ideal release position for the test masses in the detection of gravitational waves. In this study, we give a general solution for test mass release points to minimize the relative motion between the test mass and the satellite mass center. Moreover, we discuss the situation when the release point equation is not satisfied, and the ideal release point of the along-track. Finally, we report on simulations that verify the accuracy of the theoretical derivation.     

Locating Current Sheets in the Solar Corona

Current sheets are essential for energy dissipation in the solar corona, in particular by enabling magnetic reconnection. Unfortunately, sufficiently thin current sheets cannot be resolved observationally and the theory of their formation is an unresolved issue as well. We consider two predictors of coronal current concentrations, both based on geometrical or even topological properties of a force-free coronal magnetic field. First, there are separatrices related to magnetic nulls. Through separatrices the magnetic connectivity changes discontinuously. Coronal magnetic nulls are, however, very rare. Second, inspired by the concept of generalized magnetic reconnection without nulls, quasi-separatrix layers (QSL) were suggested. Through QSL the magnetic connectivity changes continuously, though strongly. The strength of the connectivity change can be quantified by measuring the squashing of the flux tubes which connect the magnetically conjugated photospheres. We verify the QSL and separatrix concepts by comparing the sites of magnetic nulls and enhanced squashing with the location of current concentrations in the corona. Due to the known difficulties of their direct observation, we simulated coronal current sheets by numerically calculating the response of the corona to energy input from the photosphere, heating a simultaneously observed Extreme Ultraviolet Bright Point. We did not find coronal current sheets at separatrices but at several QSL locations. The reason is that, although the geometrical properties of force-free extrapolated magnetic fields can indeed hint at possible current concentrations, a necessary condition for current sheet formation is the local energy input into the corona.     

复合材料混合模式分层断裂的实验表征

介绍了一种碳纤维增强复合材料混合模式层间断裂试验方法，它采用改进的混合模式弯曲试验构型，可对Ⅰ型对Ⅱ型断裂按比例加载，且使用对开裂的梁形试件。     

MEL辅助放行中的性能修正应用研究

最低设备清单(MEL)辅助放行是飞行签派员最终签派放行的重要组成部分之一,MEL放行以最低设备清单为依据,实现飞机的带故障放行。首先结合航空公司运行控制流程和航线维修人员办理故障保留工作程序,介绍了MEL放行的定义和内涵,论述了机务工程师办理故障保留对接于飞行签派员的MEL放行,接着分析了飞行签派员MEL放行中涉及的性能限制种类,重点对性能限制条件进行了分类归纳,最后结合空调单组件和起落架重力放下系统失效的性能计算案例再次强调了性能修正在MEL辅助放行中的重要性,提出了飞行签派员相应的处置措施,为航空公司飞行签派员实现MEL辅助放行提供了理论指导和案例支持。     

牵制释放过程中火箭液体推进剂的建模研究

为进行牵制释放过程中火箭贮箱的承载分析,采用各向同性的固体材料模拟液体推进剂。论述了材料特性的选取依据,使用有限元程序NASTRAN对比分析了火箭充液贮箱的三种不同模型的模态,静态过载分析表明所采用的固体模型具有液体的相似属性,对比了在牵制过程贮箱几种模型的动力学响应曲线,并得出了贮箱在释放过程的承载曲线。证明了推进剂模型的有效性和合理性,解决了牵制释放过程中贮箱的承载分析问题。