偶数重连续覆盖的Walker星座设计方法

针对期望覆盖重数为偶数重时连续覆盖Walker星座的构型设计问题,提出一种基于覆盖带理论的构型设计方法。首先分析同轨道卫星组成覆盖带时的构型设计特例,随后将结论推广,改进了传统Walker星座的构型表征形式并提出覆盖带构型参数。基于轨道参数的相平面映射,给出了异轨卫星组成覆盖带时特征宽度的计算方法。通过分析相平面上覆盖带的拼接情况,给出了轨道倾角的优化策略和偶数重覆盖任意纬度的Walker星座设计步骤。所提出方法能显著提高构型枚举效率,且能满足不同纬度范围的覆盖需求。仿真表明,该方法能减少约10%覆盖所需的卫星数量,并能通过调整构型参数进一步优化轨道面数量。     

一种多运动模式下自适应阈值零速修正算法

传统基于微机电惯性测量单元（MEMS-IMU）的惯性导航系统（INS）引入零速修正（ZUPT）算法校正器件的累积误差。但由于ZUPT算法零速判定阈值为固定值,只适合单一运动模式,当室内行人运动轨迹包含多种运动模式时,定位精度下降。对此,提出了一种多运动模式下自适应阈值ZUPT算法。分析了室内行人包括静止、走、跑、上楼和下楼5种运动模式零速判定阈值的选取,实现了利用随机森林（RF）算法对5种运动模式的分类识别,并根据识别结果对ZUPT算法零速判定阈值进行自适应调整。为了验证本文算法的可行性和有效性,利用MATLAB软件平台对实测数据进行处理,并与传统定位算法进行了比较。3组实验结果表明,当室内行人运动轨迹包括多种运动模式时,相比传统固定阈值的ZUPT算法,引入自适应调整阈值的ZUPT算法可使定位算法的定位精度提高73.83%。      

基于约束可满足的深空探测任务规划方法研究

基于传统的CSP算法不能充分体现规划过程的特点,讨论了如何将规划中的动作关系映射到CSP结构中,并据此提出了一种以动作为中心的启发式变量选择策略;分析验证了该方法能够显著降低传统CSP变量搜索策略的时间复杂度,同时对于约束编码的规划问题具有一般适用性。仿真实验表明,本文提出的方法减少了约束处理中的冗余操作,有效提高了问题的求解效率,为工程应用奠定了基础。     

群体多属性决策方法及其应用

针对甄选员工这类群体多属性决策问题,将评价属性划分为主观评价属性和客观评价属性,并且假设方案在主观评价属性下的评价值采用区间数的形式来表示专家评价值的不确定性和模糊性。针对每一主观评价属性设定一组与之对应的专家重要性权重值,反映决策者在不同评价属性中的重要性程度,同时考虑到专家评价值的相似度,将专家评价值进行集结得到专家群体关于方案集的决策矩阵。通过计算各方案与理想方案的相似度,据此对方案进行优劣排序。最后给出该方法在员工甄选决策中的应用实例。     

Landing of the asteroid probe with three-legged cushioning: Planar asymmetric dynamics and safety margin

The probes landing on the surfaces of the asteroids can increase the scientific return of the exploration missions and also promote the development of deep space resources. Because of its excellent applicability to the uneven terrain and a lighter configuration than the four-legged mechanisms, the three-legged cushioning mechanisms are suitable for dissipating the impact energy and then quickly stabilizing the probe attitude when the probe lands on the micro-gravitational surfaces of the asteroids. Research on the landing dynamics of the probe facilitates to the design of the landing-cushioning mechanism and the optimization of its configuration, as well as the assessment of the landing safety. Comparing with the previous extensive related literature focusing on landing dynamics of the probes assisted by the four-legged cushioning mechanisms, this paper studies creatively the planar dynamics considering the asymmetric characteristic and the leg-leg coupling to understand the landing process of the asteroid probe with the three-legged cushioning mechanism and thereby to optimize the configuration of cushioning mechanism and assess safety margin of the landing. According to the touchdown status, the asymmetric landing modes are classified and the coupling issue in the construction of the landing models is explained. Consequently, two types of dynamics models describing the two-stages touchdown cushioning process of the probe are established. Then, five significant configuration factors of the cushioning mechanism are extracted, and their values combinations are designed according to the Taguchi orthogonal method. On this basis, the maximum safe landing attitude angles of the probe are solved by using these values combinations as the input conditions under the dangerous situations in different landing modes. The range analysis and nonlinear fitting methods are employed to discuss the influence of the configuration factors on the landing safety margin, and the favorable parameter values of the configuration factors are determined. Next, the influence of the ground obstacle on the landing safety margin and several methods to improve the margin are researched. Finally, the complete attitude changes of the probe in two representative landing cases are analyzed. The results studied in this paper can contribute to configuration optimization of the three-legged cushioning mechanisms and safety assessment of the legged probes landing on the asteroids, as well as to provide a reference for discussing the leg-leg coupling issue received less attention in landing dynamics of the probes with the four-legged cushioning mechanisms.     

基于主成分分析和Melkman算法的选星策略

导航定位中的选星算法是一种关键技术，用于从卫星中选择合适数量和最佳几何分布的卫星以实现最佳定位精度。针对基于二维凸包算法的选星策略在三维卫星数据降维处理中忽略垂直方向高度位置信息的问题，提出了一种基于主成分分析(PCA)和二维凸包Melkman算法的选星策略。首先，通过PCA技术将三维卫星数据投影到新的二维坐标系，新的二维数据同时保留水平平面位置信息和垂直方向高度位置信息，旨在降低维度的同时最小化信息损失。在新坐标系下，数据经过预处理后，采用二维凸包Melkman算法进行选星。实验结果显示:相较于直接投影到站心坐标系下的二维凸包选星算法，提出的选星算法不仅更准确地描述卫星的位置信息，使问题研究更加完备，还在保持相近仿真耗时的前提下，实现了较大的几何精度因子(GDOP)性能提升。     

航天器可展开薄膜遮光罩机械设计的发展与展望

从可展开薄膜遮光罩的几何构型、展开驱动技术、薄膜折痕设计和薄膜褶皱动力学分析四个方面论述了航天器可展开薄膜遮光罩机械设计的发展现状和特点，在分析比较的基础上对可展开薄膜遮光罩机械设计的发展趋势进行了展望，旨在为航天器可展开薄膜遮光罩的创新发展提供参考。     

Optimal crater landmark selection based on optical navigation performance factors for planetary landing

Planetary craters are natural navigation landmarks that widely exist and are easily observed. Optical navigation based on crater landmarks has become an important autonomous navigation method for planetary landing. Due to the increase in observed crater landmarks and the limitation of onboard computation, the selection of good crater landmarks has gradually become a research hotspot in the field of landmark-based optical navigation. This paper designs a fast crater landmark selection method, which not only considers the configuration observability of crater subsets but also focuses on the influence on navigation performance arising from the measurement uncertainty and the matching confidence of craters, which is different from other landmark selection methods. The factor of measurement uncertainty, which is anisotropic, correlated and nonidentically distributed, is quantified and integrated into selection based on crater pairing detection and localization error evaluation. In addition, the concept of the crater matching confidence factor is introduced, which reflects the possibility of 2D projection measurements corresponding to 3D positions. Combined with the configuration observability factor, the crater landmark selection indicator is formed. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by Monte Carlo simulations.     

Optimum alternate material selection methodology for an aircraft skin

Weight penalty has been a challenge for design engineers of aerospace vehicles. Today’s high-efficiency combat aircraft undergoes intense stress and strain during flying missions, which require stronger and stiffer materials to retain structural integrity. Though metallic materials have been successfully used for the construction of aircraft structures and components, metals still have a low strength-to-weight ratio. This paper aims to develop an alternate optimised material selection methodolog...