在轨服务航天器导航系统仿真研究

在轨服务航天器（On\|orbit Servicing Spacecraft—OSS）具有重要的军事和民用价值。 分析了OSS的导航任务,给出了导航系统总体方案并设计了导航工作模式。构建了OSS导航仿 真系统的总体框架,分析了OSS导航仿真系统组成及仿真支撑环境,基于MATLAB／RTW仿真平 台开发了OSS导航数字仿真软件。对数据时间同步技术、导航模式切换技术、推力分配算法 等关键技术进行了分析。
     

Establishment of atmospheric weighted mean temperature model in the polar regions

Due to the special geographical location and extreme climate environment, the polar regions (Antarctic and Arctic) have an important impact on global climate change. Atmospheric weighted mean temperature (Tm) is a crucial parameter in the retrieval of precipitable water vapor (PWV) from the zenith wet delay (ZWD) of ground-based Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signal propagation. In this paper, the correlation between weighted mean temperature and surface temperature (Ts) is studied firstly. It is shown that the correlation coefficients between Tm and Ts are 0.93 in the Antarctic and 0.94 in the Arctic. The linear regression Tm model and quadratic function Tm model of the Antarctic and the Arctic are established respectively using the radiosonde profiles of 12 stations in the Antarctic and 58 stations in the Arctic from 2008 to 2015. The accuracies of the linear regression Tm model, the quadratic function Tm model and GPT2w Tm model which is a state-of-the-art global Tm model are verified using the radiosonde profiles from 2016 to 2018 in the Antarctic and Arctic. Root Mean Square (RMS) errors of the linear regression Tm model, the quadratic function Tm model and GPT2w Tm model in the Antarctic are 3.07 K, 2.87 K and 4.32 K respectively, and those in the Arctic are 3.53 K, 3.38 K and 4.82 K, which indicates that the quadratic function Tm model has a higher accuracy compared to linear regression Tm model, and the accuracies of the two regional Tm models are better than that of GPT2w Tm model in the polar regions. In order to better evaluate the accuracy of Tm in the PWV retrieval, the PWV values of radiosondes are used for comparisons as the reference value. The RMS errors of PWV derived from the two Tm models are similar for 1.28 mm in the Antarctic and 1 mm in the Arctic respectively. In addition, the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of Tm are analyzed in the polar regions by spectral analysis of Tm data using fast Fourier transform. The results show that the Tm has obvious seasonality and annual periodicity in the polar regions, and the maximum difference between warm season and cold season is about 63 K. After comparing and analyzing the influences of latitude, longitude and elevation on the Tm in the polar regions, it is found that latitude and elevation have a greater influence on the Tm than the longitude. As the latitude and elevation increase, the Tm decreases, and vice versa in the polar regions.     

降落伞的计算机仿真研究

降落伞是一种应用广泛的气动力减速装置,其试验费用在整个开发、研制费用中,占有很大的比例。如何节省这笔费用,运用计算机仿真技术无疑是个最佳办法和途径。文章总结了降落伞仿真的一些情况和降落伞仿真所遇到的关键技术,并提出了在降落伞仿真中所面临的主要问题及解决这些问题的一般方法,可为降落伞研究提供参考。     

无人车基于激光雷达/视觉的目标体积自动测量方法

近些年,基于激光雷达和视觉的目标感知在无人系统中得到了广泛应用。目标的体积测量在很多应用场景可以发挥极其重要的作用,然而对识别感知目标的体积测量,目前尚无大量研究。首次提出了一种基于激光雷达/视觉的无人车目标体积自动测量方法,实现了无人车与目标体积测量功能的结合。通过在LeGO-LOAM算法中加入点云畸变补偿,相较于原始LeGO-LOAM算法,无人车在高速情况下的构图精度得到提升;通过将激光雷达与视觉进行深度融合,实现了目标的自动识别与全局定位;通过基于平面拟合的地面分割与欧式聚类,实现了目标点云轮廓的实时获取;通过设计一种基于切片法的不规则物体体积测量方法,实现了无人车在运动情况下对目标体积的自动估计。最终,分别通过Gazebo仿真和实际试验验证了算法的有效性。试验结果表明,所提算法在无人车运动的情况下对静态目标物的实时体积测量精度优于3%,具有较好的工程应用价值。     

数字域谱估计的GNSS系统信号带宽测试方法

针对传统的单载波扫频法不适于GNSS（全球导航卫星系统）信号生成通道的带宽测量的问题,提出了采用数字信号处理的信号带宽方法.对实际导航信号进行高速采样,在数字域对采样的导航信号和本地数字生成的理想导航信号进行频谱估计和计算,从而得到GNSS信号带宽.分别使用周期图法和Welch法谱估计,对提出的测试方法进行仿真.仿真结果表明,采用Welch法进行理想信号和实际信号谱估计,对谱估计后的结果进行计算,可以完成GNSS信号带宽精密测量,在Welch法估计参数设置合理的情况下,GNSS信号带宽估计的准确度可以达到99.9％以上.     

北斗系统UERE及定位精度评估

用户测距误差（URE）与用户设备误差（UEE）是影响定位精度的主要因素.民航是北斗系统的高端用户,监测其对民航机场的覆盖性和服务性能十分必要.本文根据华东、华南、华北、西北地区4个民航机场观测站的北斗实测数据,分析了各机场卫星的可见性.根据URE的解算方法、电离层修正模型、对流层修正模型以及定位精度的评估方法,给出了对应的性能评估结果.研究发现：可见星数均在6～14颗,满足定位要求; 95%置信度下,电离层延迟优于7.50m,对流层延迟优于13.28m,地球静止轨道卫星（GEO）、倾斜地球同步轨道卫星（IGSO）、中圆轨道卫星（MEO）卫星的URE值分别优于2.36m,1.72m,2.59m,满足北斗规范的要求;95%置信度下,定位精度水平方向优于3.63m,垂直方向优于6.98m.结果表明北斗系统在民航机场监测站的覆盖性及服务性能良好.     

Optimization of communication network topology for navigation sharing among distributed satellites

Navigation sharing among distributed satellites is quite important for coordinated motion and collision avoidance. This paper proposes optimization methods of the communication network topology to achieve navigation sharing. The whole communication network constructing by inter-satellite links are considered as a topology graph. The aim of this paper is to find the communication network topology with minimum communication connections’ number (MCCN) in different conditions. It has found that the communication capacity and the number of channels are two key parameters affecting the results. The model of MCCN topology for navigation sharing is established and corresponding method is designed. Two main scenarios, viz., homogeneous case and heterogeneous case, are considered. For the homogeneous case where each member has the same communication capacity, it designs a construction method (Algorithm 1) to find the MCCN topology. For the heterogeneous case, it introduces a modified genetic algorithm (Algorithm 2) to find the MCCN topology. When considering the fact that the number of channels is limited, the Algorithm 2 is further modified by adding a penalized term in the fitness function. The effectiveness of these algorithms is all proved in theoretical. Three examples are further tested to illustrate the methods developed in this paper.     

CDAS 自动化监控管理系统

指令与数据获取站监控管理系统吸取了国内外先进的集散控制系统的优点,综合运用了现代计算机管理先进技术。文章介绍了该监控管理系统的方案、系统功能模块、系统结构和应用软件的设计,实现了系统管理的高效自动化,确保系统运行的可靠、安全。     

一种模块级可降级重组双机系统的系统管理程序实现方法

分析了模块级可降级重组双机系统的有效组态数,并与双机系统级备份进行了比较。分析结果表明,随着冗余级别的降低,系统的可靠性有所改善,但系统的有效组态数将大大增加,这将导致系统管理程序的复杂化。文章介绍了该系统管理程序的设计准则,并对其中几个有特点的子程序作了简要说明。     

RNSS/INS深耦合高动态导航接收机测试方法研究CSCD

卫星导航和惯性导航采用深耦合方式实现导航作为世界上最先进的导航形式,在国防中的应用越来越广泛,但其在高动态下的性能需要验证。当前针对深耦合高动态下导航接收机的测试研究较少,本文介绍了基于卫星信号模拟器的测试系统组成及测试用高动态场景,运用模拟测试原理,通过对导航接收机在高动态下定位速度和跟踪灵敏度的测试及其结果分析,验证了导航接收机的深耦合功能,对此类接收机的测试方法进行了初步探究。