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721.
Uwe Schneider Linda Walsh 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2009
Analyses of the epidemiological data on the Japanese A-bomb survivors, who were exposed to γ-rays and neutrons, provide most current information on the dose–response of radiation-induced cancer. Since the dose span of main interest is usually between 0 and 1 Gy, for radiation protection purposes, the analysis of the A-bomb survivors is often focused on this range. However, estimates of cancer risk for doses larger than 1 Gy are becoming more important for long-term manned space missions. Therefore in this work, emphasis is placed on doses larger than 1 Gy with respect to radiation-induced solid cancer and leukemia mortality. The present analysis of the A-bomb survivors data was extended by including two extra high-dose categories and applying organ-averaged dose instead of the colon-weighted dose. In addition, since there are some recent indications for a high neutron dose contribution, the data were fitted separately for three different values for the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of the neutrons (10, 35 and 100) and a variable RBE as a function of dose. The data were fitted using a linear and a linear-exponential dose–response relationship using a dose and dose-rate effectiveness factor (DDREF) of both one and two. The work presented here implies that the use of organ-averaged dose, a dose-dependent neutron RBE and the bending-over of the dose–response relationship for radiation-induced cancer could result in a reduction of radiation risk by around 50% above 1 Gy. This could impact radiation risk estimates for space crews on long-term mission above 500 days who might be exposed to doses above 1 Gy. The consequence of using a DDREF of one instead of two increases cancer risk by about 40% and would therefore balance the risk decrease described above. 相似文献
722.
For maritime radiation source target tracking in particular electronic counter measures(ECM)environment,there exists two main problems which can deteriorate the tracking performance of traditional approaches.The frst problem is the poor observability of the radiation source.The second one is the measurement uncertainty which includes the uncertainty of the target appearing/disappearing and the detection uncertainty(false and missed detections).A novel approach is proposed in this paper for tracking maritime radiation source in the presence of measurement uncertainty.To solve the poor observability of maritime radiation source target,using the radiation source motion restriction,the observer altitude information is incorporated into the bearings-only tracking(BOT)method to obtain the unique target localization.Then the two uncertainties in the ECM environment are modeled by the random fnite set(RFS)theory and the Bernoulli fltering method with the observer altitude is adopted to solve the tracking problem of maritime radiation source in such context.Simulation experiments verify the validity of the proposed approach for tracking maritime radiation source,and also demonstrate the superiority of the method compared with the traditional integrated probabilistic data association(IPDA)method.The tracking performance under different conditions,particularly those involving different duration of radiation source opening and switching-off,indicates that the method to solve our problem is robust and effective. 相似文献
723.
T.C. Slaba S.R. Blattnig M.S. Clowdsley S.A. Walker F.F. Badavi 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2010
Long-term human presence in space requires the inclusion of radiation constraints in mission planning and the design of shielding materials, structures and vehicles. It is necessary to expose the numerical tools commonly used in radiation analyses to extensive verification, validation and uncertainty quantification. In this paper, the numerical error associated with energy discretization in HZETRN is addressed. An inadequate numerical integration scheme in the transport algorithm is shown to produce large errors in the low energy portion of the neutron and light ion fluence spectra. It is further shown that the errors result from the narrow energy domain of the neutron elastic cross section spectral distributions and that an extremely fine energy grid is required to resolve the problem under the current formulation. Since adding a sufficient number of energy points will render the code computationally inefficient, we revisit the light ion and neutron transport theory developed for HZETRN and focus on neutron elastic interactions. Two numerical methods (average value and collocation) are developed to provide adequate resolution in the energy domain and more accurately resolve the neutron elastic interactions. An energy grid convergence study is conducted to demonstrate the improved stability of the new methods. Based on the results of the convergence study and the ease of implementation, the average value method with a 100 point energy grid is found to be suitable for future use in HZETRN. 相似文献
724.
H. Koshiishi H. Matsumoto T. Goka 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2008,42(9):1500-1503
This paper reports single-event upset (SEU) occurrence related to the space radiation environment in geostationary transfer orbit during solar-activity maximum period measured by the Tsubasa satellite. Most SEUs are measured in the inner radiation belt, indicating that they are mainly caused by trapped protons. Thus, the spatial distribution and the temporal variation of the SEU count correlate well with those of trapped protons. The peak SEU rate appears around L = 1.4. The transition point from SEUs caused by trapped protons to those caused by galactic cosmic rays is around L = 2.6. During the experiment period, increased SEU count was sometimes detected due to solar and geomagnetic events outside the inner radiation belt. 相似文献
725.
E.B. Babatunde C.O. Akoshile O.A. Falaiye A.A. Willoughby T.B. Ajibola I.A. Adimula T.O. Aro 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2009
The annual variation of global (total) solar radiation measured over four (4) years (1995–1998) at Ilorin (8°32′N, 4°34′E) was studied and the bio-effects of the variation is herein reported. The weekly averages of the solar radiation flux were obtained and plotted. The profile of the weekly averages of the insolation shows two notable “wells” corresponding to the harmattan dry season and the rainy season. It was deduced that the duration of the seasons was directly proportional to the sizes of the “wells”, while the depths of the “wells” correspond to the severity of the causes of the “wells”. The fall and rise rates of the depth of the edges of the wells are inversely proportional to the ecological effects of the variation of the radiation. The rates of decrease and increase of the radiation flux affect the depths of the “wells” and were found to be rapid and shallow for the “Harmattan Well”, and gentle and deep for the “Rain Well”. The width (duration), rate of change and depth of the “Harmattan Well” bring about stress for both animals and plants. 相似文献
726.
Mehmet Şahin Yılmaz Kaya Murat Uyar 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2013
In this paper, the estimation capacities of MLR and ANN are investigated to estimate monthly-average daily SR over Turkey. The satellite data are used for 73 different locations over Turkey. Land surface temperature, altitude, latitude, longitude and month are offered as the input variables for modeling ANN and MLR to get SR. Estimations of SR are evaluated with the meteorological values by using the statistical bases. The obtained results indicated that the ANN model could achieve a satisfactory performance when compared to the MLR model. Moreover, it is understood that more accurate results in estimation of SR are obtained in the use of satellite data, rather than the use of meteorological station data. Finally, the built ANN model is used to estimate the yearly average of daily SR over Turkey. As a result, satellite-based SR map for Turkey is generated. 相似文献
727.
728.
729.
采用火星大气物理化学模型,求解带辐射源项的三维热化学非平衡N S方程,对探路者号火星探测器进入过程中的高温流场和热环境进行了数值模拟,分析了气体辐射与非平衡流场耦合效应对流场和热流的影响。结果表明:1)探路者号火星探测器流场热化学非平衡效应显著,CO 2 气体发生大规模离解,高度低至 28.5 km 仍存在热力学非平衡效应;2)热力学与化学非平衡效应的影响均与表面催化特性相关,完全催化热流要高于完全非催化热流50%以上;3)高温流场中的CO组分会产生较强的气体辐射加热,辐射热流与对流热流的比值为15%~45%,靠近肩部区域比值最大;4)气体辐射对非平衡流场的冷却效应使激波脱体距离减小;与非耦合方法相比,采用耦合方法得到的辐射热流降低约12%~25%。 相似文献
730.
The research of unmanned aerial vehicles'(UAVs')autonomy navigation and landing guidance with computer vision has important signifcance.However,because of the image blurring,the position of the cooperative points cannot be obtained accurately,and the pose estimation algorithms based on the feature points have low precision.In this research,the pose estimation algorithm of UAV is proposed based on feature lines of the cooperative object for autonomous landing.This method uses the actual shape of the cooperative-target on ground and the principle of vanishing line.Roll angle is calculated from the vanishing line.Yaw angle is calculated from the location of the target in the image.Finally,the remaining extrinsic parameters are calculated by the coordinates transformation.Experimental results show that the pose estimation algorithm based on line feature has a higher precision and is more reliable than the pose estimation algorithm based on points feature.Moreover,the error of the algorithm we proposed is small enough when the UAV is near to the landing strip,and it can meet the basic requirements of UAV's autonomous landing. 相似文献