一种面向二维观测模型的压缩感知重构算法

针对目前二维信号压缩感知重构时,常采用的一维化手段效率低、重构性能有待提高等缺陷,基于二维观测模型,提出一种新的压缩感知重构方法,并证明了其有效性。算法通过两个独立感知矩阵对二维信号的行列同时进行压缩感知,并考察信号的整体重构,缓解了传统算法引入的重构人为效应以及问题规模扩张带来的重构压力。理论分析和实验表明,新算法成功重构概率、重构信噪比等性能优于现有典型二维信号重构方法,且其运算复杂度较之一维化方法有所降低。     

全氟磺酸树脂中空纤维膜压缩空气除湿性能研究

利用全氟磺酸树脂制备了中空纤维膜,研究了其在真空模式和反吹模式下的压缩空气除湿性能。结果表明,全氟磺酸树脂中空纤维膜在两种工作模式下都具有良好的除湿性能,工作压力、进气流量、反吹比例、真空度会影响除湿性能。在工作压力0.4MPa、进气流量1L/min真空度5kPa时,产气露点可以达到-39.4℃。     

Metallic and Oxidized Aluminum Debris Impacting the Trailing Edge of the Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF)

A total of 87 microcraters >30 m in diameter that were found in gold substrates exposed on the trailing edge of the non-spinning Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) yielded analyzable projectile residues in their interiors. Using qualitative SEM-EDS analysis methods, some 60 of these craters were formed by natural cosmic-dust particles, while 27 residues (31%) were assigned to orbital debris (Hörz et al., 1993). The far majority of the orbital-debris impacts, 24 (89%) of the 27 events, contained only aluminum in their X-ray spectra. The present study evaluates these aluminum-rich residues in detail and employs a windowless X-ray detector, which permits for the analysis of low-Z elements and specifically of oxygen. This makes it possible to discriminate between oxidized (Al₂O₃) and metallic (Al) projectiles from dramatically different sources, the former produced during solid-fuel rocket firings, the latter resulting from explosively or collisionally disrupted spacecraft.Of the 24 craters analyzed with the windowless detector, 13 (54%) contained Al₂O₃ and 11 (46%) yielded structurally disintegrated Al metal. The oxidized residues preferentially occur in the smaller craters, all <60 m in diameter. Corresponding particles on LDEF's trailing edge are <35 m in diameter. Some 70% of this particle population is composed of Al₂O₃. Although solid-fuel rocket exhaust products are typically <5 m in size, they tend to coagulate into crusts at the rocket nozzle to be shed occasionally as relatively large, aggregate particles. Structurally disintegrated, metallic fragments compose one-third of all particles <35 m, but they dominate all particles >35 m, and thus all craters >60 m. These findings clearly establish that solid-rocket exhaust particles, as well as explosively or collisionally produced debris, exist in low-inclination, high-eccentricity orbits in sufficient quantities that they must be accounted for in models describing the present and future orbital-debris population at typical Shuttle and Space Station altitudes.     

燃气发生器旋风式过滤器除尘效率数值模拟

旋风式燃气过滤器是一种对燃气发生器产生的燃气进行过滤的装置 ,入口倾角和燃气温度的变化都会对其内部流动状况和除尘效率产生影响。用SIMPLE算法和IPSA算法对旋风过滤器内的三维两相流场进行了数值模拟。通过计算发现 ,对于所研究的过滤器 ,最佳入口倾角为 10°左右 ,而温度变化会引起流动状况和除尘效率的较大改变。     

一种微米级粒子的静电发射加速装置

为了研究空间微小碎片碰撞对航天器的影响,国内外研制了各种类型的微小碎片加速器。文章简要介绍了一种很有前景的静电式微小碎片加速器及其关键部件的工作原理、结构特点及适用范围等。     

Morphological Structure and Chemical Composition of Cometary Nuclei and Dust

The chemical composition of comet nuclei derived from current data on interstellar dust ingredients and comet dust and coma molecules are shown to be substantially consistent with each other in both refractory and volatile components. When limited by relative cosmic abundances the water in comet nuclei is constrained to be close to 30% by mass and the refractory to volatile ratio is close to 1:1. The morphological structure of comet nuclei, as deduced from comet dust infrared continuum and spectral emission properties, is described by a fluffy (porous) aggregate of tenth micron silicate core-organic refractory mantle particle on which outer mantles of predominantly H₂O ices contain embedded carbonaceous and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) type particles of size in the of 1 - 10nm range. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

航空发动机砂尘吸入物静电监测仿真实验

提出了航空发动机砂尘吸入物静电监测的仿真实验方法,实验以软件ANSYS电磁场分析模块建立有限元模型为基础,模拟不同粒径、荷质比、运动速度及质量浓度情况下砂尘吸入物的静电感应信号,并分别从时域与频域对感应电荷与电压信号进行分析,研究砂尘吸入物的粒径及其他宏观参数与静电监测信号之间的关系,建立用以表征砂尘颗粒粒径大小的特征指标。基于IDMS(进气监测系统)感应电压信号功率谱密度分布建立了特征向量,并以其曼哈顿距离与欧氏距离作为特征指标表征砂尘颗粒粒径大小。经仿真实验验证:特征指标与砂尘粒径呈正相关,且不受砂尘吸入物运动速度及荷质比变化的影响,但受砂尘吸入物质量浓度影响。进一步研究将利用质量浓度对特征指标进行修正,并开展验证实验。      

火星太阳电池翼除尘方法综述

“萤火一号”火星探测器即将发射升空,标志着我国火星探测计划实施的开始。然而,火星尘埃在范德华力和静电力的作用下积聚在太阳电池翼的表面,使其转换效率下降,影响火星探测器的寿命。因此,开展火星太阳电池翼除尘技术的研究是非常有意义的。文章主要介绍了火星太阳电池翼的除尘方法,特别是目前最受关注的电帘除尘方法,并对其基本结构、除尘原理、除尘效率和透光性做了详细的描述,对开展火星太阳电池翼除尘技术的研究具有一定的参考作用。     

The MAGO experiment for dust environment monitoring on the Martian surface

Among the main directions identified for future Martian exploration, the study of the properties of dust dispersed in the atmosphere, its cycle and the impact on climate are considered of primary relevance. Dust storms, dust devils and the dust “cycle” have been identified and studied by past remote and in situ experiments, but little quantitative information is available on these processes, so far. The airborne dust contributes to the determination of the dynamic and thermodynamic evolution of the atmosphere, including the large-scale circulation processes and its impact on the climate of Mars. Moreover, aeolian erosion, redistribution of dust on the surface and weathering processes are mostly known only qualitatively. In order to improve our knowledge of the airborne dust evolution and other atmospheric processes, it is mandatory to measure the amount, mass-size distribution and dynamical properties of solid particles in the Martian atmosphere as a function of time. In this context, there is clearly a need for the implementation of experiments dedicated to study directly atmospheric dust. The Martian atmospheric grain observer (MAGO) experiment is aimed at providing direct quantitative measurements of mass and size distributions of dust particles, a goal that has never been fully achieved so far. The instrument design combines three types of sensors to monitor in situ the dust mass flux (micro balance system, MBS) and single grain properties (grain detection system, GDS + impact sensor, IS). Technical solutions and science capabilities are discussed in this paper.     

月球受光面上月尘静电浮扬特性分析

基于单粒子轨道理论及空间尘埃等离子体充电方程,建立了月球受光面上尘埃微粒的静态荷电模型.基于光电子能量Maxiwellian分布假设,确定了月面垂直空间电场强度和光电子鞘层内带电粒子密度的函数表达式.利用牛顿运动定律和静电场力表达式,构建了月球受光面上尘埃微粒的静电浮扬动力学模型,并进行月尘静态浮扬特性的数值计算.研究结果显示:太阳高度角与颗粒粒径是控制月尘静电浮扬发生及动力学特性的两个基本参量;月尘静电浮扬发生在月球的黎明和黄昏;随着粒径的减少,月尘颗粒的最大浮扬高度不断增加.