粉尘静电加速设备原理及发展现状

微米级空间碎片数量巨大,与航天器的碰撞概率很高,其累积效应会影响航天器的性能.国外已发展了粉尘静电加速设备用于模拟微米级空间碎片的撞击效应.文章对粉尘静电模拟加速设备的原理和发展现状进行了介绍,并对该种设备的优缺点进行了分析讨论.     

电帘除尘技术的研究现状

微尘作为影响探月工程和火星计划成败的一个因素,已经越来越多地引起人们的重视。而电帘除尘技术作为月球和火星探测有效的除尘技术之一,也得到广泛的关注。文章在调研相关文献的基础上,阐述了目前国外电帘除尘技术的研究现状,提出了开展研究工作的建议,对发展我国电帘除尘技术具有一定的参考意义。     

光学器件的空间粉尘高速撞击效应研究

文章利用静电加速器模拟研究了微小空间碎片及微流星体(空间粉尘)高速撞击镀膜石英玻璃,光学透镜和反射镜的撞击效应与累积损伤特性.扫描电镜观察结果表明,被撞击试样表面的损伤形式为不连续的点缺陷,可发现撞击坑、机械破裂、局部熔化和粉尘微粒子附着;分光光度计测试结果显示,经粉尘累积撞击后,光学透镜的透射率和反射镜的反射率均发生...     

“祝融号”火星车反射面天线设计

针对“天问一号”火星探测器“祝融号”火星车的探测通信任务需求,提出了一种X频段轻小型宽频圆极化反射面天线。该反射面天线采用了新型一体化紧凑馈源技术,实现馈源长度和口径减小20%的同时提高了反射面天线的口径效率,抵挡了火星的尘埃影响。经过对馈源进行的仿真优化,最终实测结果表明,该天线在7.1～8.4GHz内口径效率可达62.3%,在深空探测的工作频带范围内具有较好的增益、驻波和圆极化特性,该天线已成功应用于“天问一号”火星探测器“祝融号”火星车。     

不锈钢纤维滤袋式电除尘器的实验研究

对一种新型的不锈钢纤维滤袋式电除尘器(简称袋式电除尘器)进行了理论分析和实验研究。研究结果表明,该滤袋式电除尘器比管式电除尘器和现在使用的袋式除尘器都具有更高的除尘效率,而且对细微粉尘具有更强的捕集能力。从效率与过滤风速、电场电压及粉尘浓度的关系曲线中,也显示出这些基本参数对滤袋式电除尘器除尘效率的影响规律。因此,可广泛应用于炼钢电炉和工业炉窑的除尘设备。作者的工作有助于研究电除尘器,对设计高效率和寿命长的电除尘装置具有指导作用。     

A novel method for solving shortest tool length based on compressing 3D check surfaces relative to tool postures

Solving the shortest tool length quickly under a known tool trajectory in multi-axis machining of complex channel parts is an urgent problem in industrial production. To solve this problem, a novel and efficient method is proposed which is featured by extracting only a few necessary curves from the check surface instead of sampling the entire surface. By rotating and compressing the 3D check surface relative to all tool postures, the boundaries of the area occupied by the 2D compressed surfaces are the essential elements for determining the shortest tool length. A tracking-based numerical algorithm is introduced to efficiently solve the silhouette curves which are formed in compressing. To define the multi-taper shaped tool holding system (THS) which is commonly used in production, a characterization model for THS profile is established. A model for solving the shortest tool length is finally constructed based on the critical interference relationship between the THS profile and all compressed boundary curves. For acceleration, the boundary splines are segmented according to their knot vectors. Then a new concept called the axis-aligned tool length box (AATB) is introduced, which can provide a conservative range of tool length for a spline segment. By scanning the AATBs of all spline segments, the very few effective spline segments that may ultimately determine the shortest tool length are filtered out. This acceleration method makes the solution for the shortest tool length more focused and efficient. The results of experimental examples are also reported to validate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed algorithm.     

三重混合范数的L型嵌套阵列二维角度估计

针对L型嵌套阵列二维角度估计问题,提出一种三重混合范数块稀疏重构算法。首先,建立一种俯仰角和方位角可分离的二维稀疏测向模型,将两个维度采样点分块,分别计算联合协方差矩阵,二维角度估计问题被转化为联合协方差矩阵稀疏优化问题;为减小计算复杂度,建立三重混合范数块稀疏重构模型,利用交叉迭代的方法得到稀疏解,实现了二维角度估计,并且可以自动配对。仿真试验表明,三重混合范数稀疏重构算法能够有效估计多个辐射源的二维角度,分辨率较高,并且具有一定的鲁棒性。与传统算法相比,在低信噪比和小快拍数的条件下,均优于传统二维角度估计算法。     

防风网对煤堆遮风效果的风洞实验研究

为了考察防风网对堆场煤堆的遮风效果,进行了防风网与煤堆之间区域的流场可视化实验。使用风洞模拟大气边界层条件,并将开孔率为38．5％的防风网模型布置在煤堆模型前方。实验中采用粒子成像测速（PIV）系统测量了防风网和堆场区域的平均风速分布,并且获得了煤堆表面的摩擦风速分布,进一步估算煤堆起尘量的变化情况。实验发现,防风网可有效降低煤堆表面迎风区域的摩擦风速,而对背风面的流场分布影响较小。研究结果可为防风网的遮护作用提供一定的实验支持。     

赤泥堆起尘风洞实验研究

通过对不同粒径、不同湿度的赤泥起尘风速及起尘强度的风洞实验发现,对各种湿度的赤泥,都存在一临界粒径。当赤泥粒径小于该值时,起尘风速随粒径的减小而增大,而当粒径大于该值时,起尘风速随粒径的增大而增大。临界粒径大约为0.2mm,随湿度略有变化。临界粒径对应的起尘风速最小,它随湿度的增大而升高,其变化范围为2.5～3.0m/5,对应的起动摩擦速度介于0.17～0.20m/s。此外,当粒径小于0.1mm时,起尘风速随湿度的增大而减小,而当粒径大于0.2mm 以后,起尘风速随湿度的增大而增大。起尘强度实验表明,风速一定且大于4.7m/s,湿度小于15%时,起尘强度随湿度增大而减小,湿度大于15%时,起尘强度随湿度变化甚微。风速小于4.7m/s时,起尘强度基本不随湿度而变。湿度一定时,起尘强度随风速的增大而增大。文章还讨论了模拟实验的相似准则和定量换算问题。     

Dust Environment Modelling of Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko

Dust is an important constituent of cometary emission; its analysis is one of the major objectives of ESA’s Rosetta mission to comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (C–G). Several instruments aboard Rosetta are dedicated to studying various aspects of dust in the cometary coma, all of which require a certain level of exposure to dust to achieve their goals. At the same time, impacts of dust particles can constitute a hazard to the spacecraft. To conciliate the demands of dust collection instruments and spacecraft safety, it is desirable to assess the dust environment in the coma even before the arrival of Rosetta. We describe the present status of modelling the dust coma of 67P/C–G and predict the speed and flux of dust in the coma, the dust fluence on a spacecraft along sample trajectories, and the radiation environment in the coma. The model will need to be refined when more details of the coma are revealed by observations. An overview of astronomical observations of 67P/C–G is given, because model parameters are derived from this data if possible. For quantities not yet measured for 67P/C–G, we use values obtained for other comets, e.g. concerning the optical and compositional properties of the dust grains. One of the most important and most controversial parameters is the dust mass distribution. We summarise the mass distribution functions derived from the in-situ measurements at comet 1P/Halley in 1986. For 67P/C–G, constraining the mass distribution is currently only possible by the analysis of astronomical images. We find that both the dust mass distribution and the time dependence of the dust production rate of 67P/C–G are those of a fairly typical comet.