一种基于随机集的模糊观测的多目标跟踪算法

为解决目标数未知或随时间变化时模糊观测的多目标跟踪问题,将多目标状态和模糊 观测数据表示为随机集形式,利用模糊观测的似然函数融合模糊数据,建立了模糊观测的概 率假设密度(probability hypothesis density,PHD)粒子滤波方法。这种方法首先利用 粒子滤波预测和更新随机集的PHD,然后估计目标数N,最后找出N个PHD最大的点就 是多目标的状态估计。在相同的仿真环境中,用这种方法与用重心去模糊器进行去模糊处理 后的观测数据同时跟踪目标数变化情况下的多目标,并进行了比较,结果表明,模糊观测多 目标跟踪的PHD粒子滤波能稳健跟踪目标数未知或随时间变化时的目标状态和目标数,性能 好于去模糊情况。     

Bioinspired polarized light compass in moonlit sky for heading determination based on probability density estimation

Bioinspired polarized skylight navigation, which can be used in unfamiliar territories, is an important alternative autonomous navigation technique in the absence of Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS). However, the polarization pattern in night environment with noise effects and model uncertainties is a less explored area. Although several decades have passed since the first publication about the polarization of the moonlit night sky, the usefulness of nocturnal polarization navigation is ...     

Ionospheric parameters in the European sector during the magnetic storm of August 25–26, 2018

Variations of ionospheric parameters Total Electron Content (TEC) by GNSS, critical frequency (foF2) by vertical sounding and electron density (Ne) by low-altitude satellite were studied at high, mid and low latitudes of the European sector during the magnetic storm of August 25–26, 2018. During the main phase of the storm the ionospheric F2-layer was under the positive disturbance at mid and low latitudes. Then the transition from the positive to negative ΔfoF2 values occurred at all latitudes. The recovery phase was characterized by negative ionospheric disturbance at all latitudes. This is due to the decrease of thermospheric O/N2 ratio during the recovery phase of the storm. The intense Es layers screened the reflections from the F2-layer on August 26th at high and at low latitudes but at different times. Some blackouts occurred due to the high absorption level at high latitudes. In general, foF2 and TEC data were highly correlated. The major Ne changes were at the low latitudes. In general, Ne data confirmed the ionospheric dynamics revealed with foF2 and TEC.     

Post-midnight equatorial irregularity distributions and vertical drift velocity variations during solstices

Longitudinal distributions of post-midnight equatorial ionospheric irregularity occurrences observed by ROCSAT-1 (1st satellite of the Republic of China) during moderate to high solar activity years in two solstices are studied with respect to the vertical drift velocity and density variations. The post-midnight irregularity distributions are found to be similar to the well-documented pre-midnight ones, but are different from some published distributions taken during solar minimum years. Even though the post-midnight ionosphere is sinking in general, longitudes of frequent positive vertical drift and high density seems to coincide with the longitudes of high irregularity occurrences. Large scatters found in the vertical drift velocity and density around the dip equator in different ROCSAT-1 orbits indicate the existence of large and frequent variations in the vertical drift velocity and density that seem to be able to provide sufficient perturbations for the Rayleigh-Taylor (RT) instability to cause the irregularity occurrences. The need of seeding agents such as gravity waves from atmospheric convective clouds to initiate the Rayleigh-Taylor instability may not be necessary.     

基于磁致伸缩传感器的液体密度测量的研究

简要介绍了利用磁致伸缩传感器测量液体密度的原理以及测量系统的组成和应用。利用脉冲回波法测量了声速从而算出液体密度。验证了扭转波在液体中传播速度与液体密度的关系。     

Local clouds: Distribution, density and kinematics through ground-based and HST spectroscopy

The distribution, kinematics and physical properties of the interstellar matter surrounding the Sun can be inferred from ground-based and UV spectroscopic observations. On a 200 pc scale the local interstellar matter appears inhomogeneous and asymmetric. Although it generally flows towards the lower density region, it is composed of numerous small components a few parsecs in size with slightly different velocities. On a smaller scale the extent and the nature of the Local Cloud which flows over the Sun are discussed based on HST-GHRS observations of nearby stars.     

碱金属引射下的高超声速尾流的数值模拟

高超声速化学非平衡尾流的分析与计算是空气动力学中的一个重要课题。本文采用二阶精度的中心差隐格式，求解了抛物化的Ｎ－Ｓ方程，得到了高空２０ＫＭ及６０ＫＭ非平衡尾流的数值解，研究了碱金属引射对尾流电子密度的影响。计算结果表明引射碱金属对尾流电子密度影响明显，尾流电子密度因此增加了１～３个量级。文中化学反应模型采用十组元模型，组元包括Ｏ２、Ｎ２、Ｏ、Ｎ、ＮＯ、ＮＯ＋、Ｏ－２、Ｎａ、Ｎ＋ａ以及ｅ－。     

低热层臭氧含量振荡和温度起伏间的耦合关系

本文求出了声重波传播过程中,低热层臭氧含量振荡和温度场起伏间的耦合关系。首次揭示出其正负相关性的内在原因和判据——动力扰动尺度。在中小尺度声重波扰动范围内,臭氧含量振荡与温度场起伏是正相关的,且相关幅度可达或超过7;而在大尺度或行星尺度波范围内,则一般为负相关。此发现可解释低热层中臭氧含量快速变化及臭氧含量长时间纬圈平均值变化与温度场成负相关的观测事实。本文还在声重波尺度范围内比较了线性和非线性理论的结果,结果表明两者没有太大的差异。     

基于排队论的防空部署效率分析

为简化空防对抗中防空部署效率的分析,提出了一种基于排队论的分析方法。将作战过程视为先到先服务的服务系统,在目标持续入侵时目标流作为泊松申请,近、中/远程地空导弹武器集群分别为带失效和有限等待时间的排队系统。在一定的简化条件下建立了两种火力单元部署效率的数学模型。算例表明,该法可描述我方火力单元数、武器系统毁伤能力(服务时间)和空中目标流密度间的关系,能用于评估混编防空武器系统的部署效率,算法简单。     

含能材料技术的进展与展望

对高能氧化剂、合能粘合剂、高能燃料等合能材料技术的进展分别作了扼要地阐述，介绍了含能材料技术领域的新概念和新技术，如多氮化合物(N5^ )、纳米材料(Alex)和低温固体推进剂(CSP)；对新型合能材料的应用及性能进行了综合比较与讨论。展望了含能材料技术的发展趋势。